Hierarchical Porous Carbon Electrodes with Sponge-Like Edge Structures for the Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals

Lee, Jongmin; Kim, Soosung; Shin, Heungjoo

doi:10.3390/s21041346

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Figure 3c shows a regular smooth surface of pure NC with cracks and crevices, thereby giving a complex of condensed pore structures, larger particles, and surface area displaying the effect of H 3 PO 4 evaporation during carbonization. The surface morphology of this study revealed that the chemical treatment of H 3 PO 4 is suitable for producing more NC with a large number of cavities and orderly pores that can be occurred at the surface of H 3 PO 4 -treated carbonized materials [41]. However, MIP/NC nanocomposite (shown in Figure 3a) with a spherical form, irregular, heterogeneous size in which morphology is due to the interaction between the monomer-crosslinker and porogen [42].…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Mip/nc Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 80%

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanoporous Carbon Nanocomposite for Effective Adsorption of Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Suspensions

Abubakar,

Yusof,

Abdullah

et al. 2023

Separations

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Due to the release of hazardous heavy metals from various industries, water pollution has become one of the biggest challenges for environmental scientists today. Mercury Hg(II) is regarded as one of the most toxic heavy metals due to its ability to cause cancer and other health issues. In this study, a tailor-made modern eco-friendly molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)/nanoporous carbon (NC) nanocomposite was synthesized and examined for the uptake of Hg(II) using an aqueous solution. The fabrication of the MIP/NC nanocomposite occurred via bulk polymerization involving the complexation of the template, followed by polymerization and, finally, template removal. Thus, the formed nanocomposite underwent characterizations that included morphological, thermal degradation, functional, and surface area analyses. The MIP/NC nanocomposite, with a high specific surface area of 884.9 m2/g, was evaluated for its efficacy towards the adsorptive elimination of Hg(II) against the pH solution changes, the dosage of adsorbent, initial concentration, and interaction time. The analysis showed that a maximum Hg(II) adsorption effectiveness of 116 mg/g was attained at pH 4, while the Freundlich model fitted the equilibrium sorption result and was aligned with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Likewise, thermodynamic parameters like enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy indicated that the adsorption was consistent with spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic reactions. Furthermore, the adsorption efficiency of MIP/NC was also evaluated against a real sample of condensate from the oil and gas industry, showing an 87.4% recovery of Hg(II). Finally, the synthesized MIP/NC showed promise as a selective adsorbent of Hg(II) in polluted environments, suggesting that a variety of combined absorbents of different precursors is recommended to evaluate heavy metal and pharmaceutical removals.

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Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Mip/nc Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 80%

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanoporous Carbon Nanocomposite for Effective Adsorption of Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Suspensions

Abubakar,

Yusof,

Abdullah

et al. 2023

Separations

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“…As previously mentioned, the suspended carbon nanowires were manufactured using C-MEMS, which facilitates the manufacturing of 3D carbon micro-/nanostructures at the wafer level by pyrolyzing the pre-patterned polymer structures. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] During pyrolysis at high temperatures in an oxygen-free environment, most elements except carbon diffused out of the polymer structure. Thus, the volume of micrometer-sized polymer structures could be reduced by as much as 90%, allowing the facile fabrication of nanoscale carbon devices without the use of expensive and complex nanofabrication technologies and subtle alignment processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch Nanofabrication of Suspended Single 1D Nanoheaters for Ultralow‐Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor‐Based Gas Sensors

Kim

Cho

Kim

et al. 2022

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The demand for power‐efficient micro‐and nanodevices is increasing rapidly. In this regard, electrothermal nanowire‐based heaters are promising solutions for the ultralow‐power devices required in IoT applications. Herein, a method is demonstrated for producing a 1D nanoheater by selectively coating a suspended pyrolyzed carbon nanowire backbone with a thin Au resistive heater layer and utilizing it in a portable gas sensor system. This sophisticated nanostructure is developed without complex nanofabrication and nanoscale alignment processes, owing to the suspended architecture and built‐in shadow mask. The suspended carbon nanowires, which are batch‐fabricated using carbon‐microelectromechanical systems technology, maintain their structural and functional integrity in subsequent nanopatterning processes because of their excellent mechanical robustness. The developed nanoheater is used in gas sensors via user‐designable localization of the metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials onto the central region of the nanoheater at the desired temperature. This allows the sensing site to be uniformly heated, enabling reliable and sensitive gas detection. The 1D nanoheater embedded gas sensor can be heated immediately to 250 °C at a remarkably low power of 1.6 mW, surpassing the performance of state‐of‐the‐art microheater‐based gas sensors. The presented technology offers facile 1D nanoheater production and promising pathways for applications in various electrothermal devices.

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“…Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was utilized to detect the heavy metal ion concentration in water. (17) In the SWV, the potential-current curve is derived from the pulse amplitude, which varies according to the fixed electric potential step and period. (18,19) The SWV offers good sensitivity and high resistance to capacitive currents.…”

Section: Measurement Of Copper Ion Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Improved pH Module and Miniaturized Water Quality Detection System

Yu¹,

Chi²,

Tsai³

et al. 2021

Sensors and Materials

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In recent years, many cases of water pollution have been caused by industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater containing heavy metal pollution is discharged into the groundwater, causing land and environmental pollution and affecting human health. Hence, the development of a miniaturized water quality detection system (WQDS) to protect water resources is of great urgency. A miniaturized WQDS has the advantages of multiple parameter detection, continuous monitoring, miniaturized dimensions, high sensitivity, and accuracy. The representative water quality parameters monitored by the WQDS were temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and copper ion (Cu 2+ ) concentration. In addition, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) was substituted for indium tin oxide (ITO) in this study to fabricate an improved pH-sensing module that reduces the interaction between subsystems, improves the measurement accuracy, enhances convenience, and reduces the manufacturing cost of the sensor chips. Electrodes combined with FTO conductive glass were designed and fabricated to achieve the miniaturized WQDS as a system on a chip. The miniaturized WQDS exhibits good potential for the precise detection of various water quality parameters and for application in the water-monitoring field.

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Hierarchical Porous Carbon Electrodes with Sponge-Like Edge Structures for the Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanoporous Carbon Nanocomposite for Effective Adsorption of Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Suspensions

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanoporous Carbon Nanocomposite for Effective Adsorption of Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Suspensions

Batch Nanofabrication of Suspended Single 1D Nanoheaters for Ultralow‐Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor‐Based Gas Sensors

Development of Improved pH Module and Miniaturized Water Quality Detection System

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