Hierarchical Nanoporous Sn/SnOx Systems Obtained by Anodic Oxidation of Electrochemically Deposited Sn Nanofoams

Abstract

A simple two-step electrochemical method for the fabrication of a new type of hierarchical Sn/SnOx micro/nanostructures is proposed for the very first time. Firstly, porous metallic Sn foams are grown on Sn foil via hydrogen bubble-assisted electrodeposition from an acidulated tin chloride electrolyte. As-obtained metallic foams consist of randomly distributed dendrites grown uniformly on the entire metal surface. The estimated value of pore diameter near the surface is ~35 µm, while voids with a diameter of ~15 µm appear in a deeper part of the deposit. Secondly, a layer of amorphous nanoporous tin oxide (with a pore diameter of ~60 nm) is generated on the metal surface by its anodic oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte (1 M NaOH) at the potential of 4 V for various durations. It is confirmed that if only optimal conditions are applied, the dendritic morphology of the metal foam does not change significantly, and an open-porous structure is still preserved after anodization. Such kinds of hierarchical nanoporous Sn/SnOx systems are superhydrophilic, contrary to those obtained by thermal oxidation of metal foams which are hydrophobic. Finally, the photoelectrochemical activity of the nanostructured metal/metal oxide electrodes is also presented.

Binder-free Mn–V–Sn oxyhydroxide decorated with metallic Sn as an earth-abundant supercapattery electrode for intensified energy storage

“…2b). 49,50 EDX mapping reveals the good distribution of all elements in the material. The EDX spectrum of the as-prepared composite reveals characteristic peaks of Mn, V, Sn, Ni O, S, and Ni elements in nearly an identical distribution (Fig.…”

Electrochemistry at Krakowian research institutions

“…The scientists have attended many projects funded by NCN, NAWA, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW), and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). They have collaborated with groups from, e.g., the Czech Republic [190], the USA [191], Portugal [192], and Ukraine [193].…”

Incorporation of Ions into Nanostructured Anodic Oxides—Mechanism and Functionalities

“…Nanostructured anodic zirconia is also utilized as a photocatalyst [34] or as a substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) [35]. Additionally, other metals, like Hf [36], Mo [37], Nb [38], Sn [39], Ta [40], W [41,42], Zn [43,44], gain much attention as starting materials for anodizing.…”