Hierarchical H-ZSM5 zeolites based on natural kaolinite as a high-performance catalyst for methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons conversion

Abstract

The present work introduces a good prospect for the development of hierarchical catalysts with excellent catalytic performance in the methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons conversion (MTA) process. Hierarchical H-ZSM5 zeolites, with a tailored pore size and different Si/Al ratios, were synthesized directly using natural kaolin clay as a low-cost silica and aluminium resource. Further explored for the direct synthesis of hierarchical HZSM-5 structures was the steam assisted conversion (SAC) with a cost-effective and green affordable saccharide source of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as a secondary mesopore agent. The fabricated zeolites exhibiting good crystallinity, 2D and 3D nanostructures, high specific surface area, tailored pore size, and tunable acidity. Finally, the catalyst performance in the conversion of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons was tested in a fixed bed reactor. The synthesized H-ZSM5 catalysts exhibited superior methanol conversion (over 100 h up to 90%) and selectivity (over 85%) in the methanol conversion to aromatic hydrocarbon products.

Synthesis of Template-Free ZSM-5 from Rice Husk Ash at Low Temperatures and Its CO2 Adsorption Performance

“…The industrial flue gas usually consists of N 2 and CO 2 in a volume ratio of 9:1. 51 The selective adsorption capacity of CO 2 /N 2 is calculated by the following equation = S q q p p / / i j i j (9) where q is the adsorption quantity (mmol/g) at the partial pressure p (bar), i represents CO 2 , and j represents N 2 or O 2 .…”

“…In terms of silicon sources, ZSM-5 was mostly synthesized from chemical silicon sources, such as tetraethyl orthosilicate . To reduce the synthesis cost and protect the environment, it was found that kaolin − and rice husk in the waste are rich in silicon, and the calcined rice husk ash (RHA) is rich in SiO 2 . Due to the low packing density of RHA, disposal in landfills or open spaces may cause serious problems related to the environment and human health .…”

Optimizing temperature and introducing new process arrangements for elevating clay's longevity based on the known poisons in the separation process of trace olefins from aromatics

“…On the other hand, several studies have focused on olefin removal from aromatic streams by clay, and they increased clay's lifetime with the production of a new type of catalyst by clay 1,7,16,42,44,45 . There are other related studies in field, all with high costs for developing catalysts 46‐49 . In the second section of the current study, a new process arrangement is introduced by reusing deactivated clay to increase clay's longevity.…”

“…1,7,16,42,44,45 There are other related studies in field, all with high costs for developing catalysts. [46][47][48][49] In the second section of the current study, a new process arrangement is introduced by reusing deactivated clay to increase clay's longevity.…”

Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Co and Mo Modified Natural Sourced Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts on Vanillin and Phenol Production from Diphenyl Ether

“…Nonetheless, taking into account the environmental, economic, and abundances in nature, the use of natural resources as alternative precursors can be a distinct added value. It has been studied the success of zeolite synthesis from alternative resources, for example, ka-olin [14,15], rectorite with diatomite [16], and a combination of Indonesia zeolite and kaolin [17]. In this work, the ZSM-5 catalyst was synthesized using the alternative precursor, i.e.…”