Hierarchical and distributed control concept for distribution network congestion management

Kulmala, Anna; Alonso, Monica; Repo, Sami; Amarís, Hortensia; Fernández, Andrés Martínez; Mehmedalic, Jasmin; Al-Jassim, Zaid

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0500

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Due to the distribution of control authorization between main control and central controller, the system will remain in operation during shorttime communication failure due to faults. Three-level hierarchical control [95][96] is usually designed for an extensive AC/DC MG system consisting of a group of MGs. Fig.…”

Section: B3 Hierarchical Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

Ansari¹,

Chandel²,

Tariq

2021

IEEE Access

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Owing to the smart lifestyle, environmental consciousness, and dwindling fossil fuel supplies, there is a huge demand for clean and green energy. Microgrid (MG) is a crucial approach to renewable and clean energy. Because of the success of the AC utility grid and the growing demand for critical loads, it is very convenient to provide AC/DC MG that can easily satisfy both the alternating current (AC) MG and the direct current (DC) MG requirements. Due to uncertainty in load variations, main grid failures, intermittent power generations from renewable energy sources (RESs), the synchronization and interconnection of different power converters are the paramount issues in the control of AC/DC MG. This paper presents an overview-oriented state of the art in the recent advancement in control strategies of AC/DC MG and its associated power converters control. Based on recent research, this paper summarizes unobstructed views on different topologies, types of power converters, power converter controls, and control strategies of AC/DC MG. Finally, it identified some future challenges that need to be addressed in order to develop a sustainable and reliable control strategy for AC/DC MG. This paper will serve as a guide for researchers. INDEX TERMS Distributed generation, Microgrids, AC/DC Microgrid, Centralized control, Decentralized control I. INTRODUCTION MGs compromise different RESs, i.e., PV cells, windmills, energy-storing systems (ESS), diesel generator sets, and small hydropower plants, as discussed in the [1,2]. With the advancements in power semiconductor devices, the integration of RESs with leading utility or MG becomes so more accessible. Based on the adopted topology, there are three types of MGs, classified as DC MG, AC MG, and AC/DC MG or hybrid MG [3]. The DC MGs are preferred to supply critical loads like computers, operation theatres, and billing counters. Whereas the AC MGs are preferred in supplying all loads during off-grid or on-grid. The AC/DC MG possesses the characteristics of both DC MG and AC MG. Since begin, in these types of MGs, the power converters are connected in parallel with the MG bus-bar and belong to the parallel topology of MG. Recently a seriescascaded MG topology is being investigated. Inam Ullah Nutkani and et al. in [4] has presented a series-cascaded AC MG topology to integrate the non-dispatchable RESs to the MG and offered its advantages and disadvantages over the parallel topology. Fig.1 shows the different topological advances of MGs.

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Section: B3 Hierarchical Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

Ansari¹,

Chandel²,

Tariq

2021

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Besides, capacitor banks or transformers equipped with OLTCs are used for voltage control [47]. Changing topology of the grid known as network reconfiguration is also one potential action used by DSOs to relieve network congestion [49,50]. DSOs may plan the topology reconfiguration for different timeframes like day-ahead, intraday and real-time.…”

Section: Flexible Resources At Dso Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review

et al. 2019

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The serious problem of climate change has led the energy sector to modify its generation resources from fuel-based power plants to environmentally friendly renewable resources. However, these green resources are highly intermittent due to weather dependency and they produce increased risks of stability issues in power systems. The deployment of different flexible resources can help the system to become more resilient and secure against uncertainties caused by renewables. Flexible resources can be located at different levels in power systems like, for example, at the transmission-level (TSO), distribution-level (DSO) and customer-level. Each of these levels may have different structures of flexibility trading as well. This paper conducts a comprehensive review from the recent research related to flexible resources at various system levels in smart grids and assesses the trading structures of these resources. Finally, it analyzes the application of a newly emerged ICT technology, blockchain, in the context of flexibility trading.

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“…Modern power systems are moving toward smart grids with a high penetration level of distributed generation (DG) units [1]. The number of controllable loads, such as electric vehicles (EV) and heat pumps (HP), is also constantly increasing in the grid [2]. Increased use of these potentially flexible loads is changing the daily electricity demand profile of consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congestion management in active distribution networks through demand response implementation

Ghazvini

Lipari

Pau

et al. 2019

Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks

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a b s t r a c tDespite the positive contributions of controllable electric loads such as electric vehicles (EV) and heat pumps (HP) in providing demand-side flexibility, uncoordinated operation of these loads may lead to congestions at distribution networks. This paper aims to propose a market-based mechanism to alleviate distribution network congestions through a centralized coordinated home energy management system (HEMS). In this model, the distribution system operator (DSO) implements dynamic tariffs (DT) and daily power-based network tariffs (DPT) to manage congestions induced by EVs and HPs. In this framework, the HP and EV loads are directly controlled by the retail electricity provider (REP). As DT and DPT price signals target the aggregated nodal demand, the individual uncoordinated HEMS models operating under these price signals are unable to effectively alleviate congestion. A large number of flexible residential customers with EV and HP loads are modeled in this paper, and the REP schedules the consumption based on the comfort preferences of the customers through HEMS. The effectiveness of the market-based concept in managing the congestion is demonstrated by using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system with 706 residential customers. The case study results show that considering both pricing systems can considerably mitigate the overloading occurrences in distribution lines, while applying DTs without considering DPTs may lead to severe overloading occurrences at some periods. (M.A. Fotouhi Ghazvini). distribution systems [5]. High demand due to EVs and HPs can also potentially cause overloading of the electricity lines. The distribution system operator (DSO) is confronted with congestion issues when a large number of these loads draws electricity from the grid simultaneously [6]. Uncoordinated operation of these flexible loads can cause unexpected congestions in the distribution system [5]. Real-time pricing (RTP) schemes offered by REPs in liberalized markets can also increase congestions in distribution systems by creating new peak demands in response to the time variable tariffs. The new peaks may cause overloading of lines and transformers [1].Resolving the distribution grid congestion is considered as one of the main duties of DSOs [7]. In long-term planning, the DSO can reinforce the distribution grid according to the identified needs in order to avoid possible congestions in future [8]. It can increase the grid capacity through boosting the investments in the grid infrastructure [6]. The congestion management strategies in shortterm are usually divided into three categories, which are distribution system reconfiguration (i.e., switch operation), direct load control and market-based mechanisms [1]. Market-based mechanisms compared to other two methods are more effective in the

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Hierarchical and distributed control concept for distribution network congestion management

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review

Congestion management in active distribution networks through demand response implementation

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