Hide tanning with modified natural tannins

Abstract

Tannin from ''Acacia Mearnsii'' usually called Mimosa, is largely employed in vegetal tanning of hide even if the quality of the leather is poorer than that obtained using chromium as tanning agents. However, taking into account the natural resources of this product and its reduced environmental impact, mimosa tannin has been modified to obtain leather having improved properties. Tannin was modified using formaldehyde, urea, a sulfonic acid and a sulfiting agent: The new products show a higher molecular weight than mimosa tannin but maintain a good solubility in water. Modified tannins were characterized through physicochemical and technological tests and evaluated as tanning agents. The properties of tanned leathers obtained using the new tannin products and mimosa were compared. Some of the polymers containing phenolsulfonic acid are good tannin agents, especially those with a suitable molecular weight. The technological and sensorial properties of the leather obtained using modified tannins (distension and strength of grain, tensile strength, elongation, and tear load) are better than those obtained using mimosa when an appropriate ratio of the reagents were employed. At the same time the feeling of the tanned leather was improved and the final products show fullness, elasticity, fluency, reactivity, and a thin and fine grain. Some of the tannins modified with naphtalensulfonic acid show poor tanning properties but good penetration in the leather suggesting their use as auxiliary sintans in the pretanning process. A simple procedure to prepare these modified tanning agents in the course of the tannin extraction is suggested.