Sustainable utilization of corn starch resources: A novel soluble starch-based functional chrome-free tanning agent for the eco-leather production

A review of the green chemistry approaches to leather tanning in imparting sustainable leather manufacturing

“…reported the tanning of leather with triglycidyl isocyanurate-modified-starch. 184 The other crosslinking tanning agents studied are carboxyl and aldehyde groups containing starch (prepared by oxidation treatment) with Zr/Al/Mg-layered-double hydroxide (MgAlZr–LDHs), 185 poly(hydroxymethyl)methyl acrylate-based multifunctional carboxyl polymer (MCP) in combination with ZrOCl 2 , 186 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane sodium carboxylate or POSS–COONa in combination with ZrOCl 2 , 187 sodium p -[(4,6-dichloro1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]benzenesulphonate, 188 and fungal tremella polysaccharide dialdehyde (FTPD). 188 Of them, MCP + ZrOCl 2 -tanned leather was further twice re-tanned with acrylic syntan, phenolic syntan, melamine resin syntan and mimosa tannins, and then fatliquoring with synthetic fish oil and semisynthetic fatliquoring agent.…”

“…183 The leather tanned with triglycidyl isocyanurate-modified-starch increased the thermal shrinkage temperature of leather to 84.2 °C. 184 On the other hand, MgAlZr–LDHs offered the poorest results as the goatskin treated with 80 g kg −1 of it had a shrinkage temperature of only 66.7 ± 0.1 °C, along with poor tensile and tearing strength. 185 PEGM-400-C–Al and FTPD both provided poor tanning performance, but PEGM-400-C–Al-based tanning needed excessively high chemical consumption, 650 g kg −1 .…”

Eco-Friendly Cellulose-Based Nonionic Antimicrobial Polymers with Excellent Biocompatibility, Nonleachability, and Polymer Miscibility

“…Heavy average molecular weight (M w ) is typically used to accurately characterize polymers than number-average molecular weight (M n ) because the strength melt viscosity of polymers depends on larger molecules. 53,54 The molecular weights of MICA and MIPA were determined separately by GPC (Figure 5 and Table 4). The molecular weight distribution index (PDI) of MICA and MIPA exceeded 2.…”

Cleaner, High-Efficiency, and High-Value Conversion of Chrome-Containing Leather Solid Waste into Carbon Quantum Dots as Renewable Bimetallic Ions Detection Sensors

“…1 The obtained products are widely applied as chemical materials, 10 environmental protection materials, 11 building materials, 12 adsorbents, 13 currently capable of separating collagen and chrome, they also have some nonnegligible disadvantages, such as being complex and expensive to operate, and easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment during the dechroming process. 14 For example, Selvaraj et al carried out acid, alkalis, and acidmediated enzymatic methods for the dechroming of CS and used the obtained hydrolysis products of collagen for the preparation of composite sound-absorbing materials, but the rate of dechroming was not high (0.16−2.47%), and the preparation method was complicated and easy to cause secondary pollution owing to the use of various chemicals. 15 This goes against the notion of cleaner production by consumers and researches.…”