Hidden From View: Violent Deaths Among Pregnant Women in the District of Columbia, 1988–1996

Krulewitch, Cara J.; Pierre-Louis, Marie; Leon-Gomez, Regina de; Guy, Richard; Green, Richard

doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(00)00096-9

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…One study has suggested that the risk of homicide may be higher in early pregnancy 21 and, thus, the higher rate of hospital visits early in pregnancy could be a proxy for more severe nonfatal assaults during this early period. Regardless, the higher rates of assault visits early in pregnancy justify beginning prevention initiatives before pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Hospital Visits for Assault during Pregnancy and the Year Postpartum: Timing Matters

et al. 2011

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Objective. To clarify the risk of violence for women during pregnancy and the first year postpartum, we examined the timing of hospital visits for assault among a population cohort of women in Massachusetts.Methods. Using linked natality and hospital data from 2001 through 2007 for Massachusetts, we examined the timing of hospital (i.e., emergency, inpatient, and observation) visits for maternal assault during seven time periods: the three prenatal trimesters and four three-month postpartum periods. To describe the risk of assault for each of the time periods, we calculated the rate as the number of such visits per 100,000 person-weeks. We used the denominator of 100,000 person-weeks to adjust for variable lengths of gestation and for postpartum periods shortened by subsequent pregnancies.results. Rates of hospital visits for maternal assault were highest in the first trimester and lowest in the third trimester, with rates of 16.0 and 5.8 per 100,000 person-weeks, respectively. The four postpartum period rates were higher than the third trimester rate but never reached the levels observed in the first and second trimesters.conclusions. These findings suggest a changing rate for assault visits during each prenatal trimester and postpartum period. In addition, the importance of violence prevention strategies as part of women's health care across the life span and the need for preconception care initiatives are reaffirmed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Hospital Visits for Assault during Pregnancy and the Year Postpartum: Timing Matters

et al. 2011

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“…Studies 5,9,14,23 show that the causal link between violent death and pregnancy/postpartum is not easily identifi ed in investigations. In this study, it was decided to classify them as related to pregnancy.…”

Section: Iml Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If domestic violence was behind the death of a pregnant woman or one who had recently given birth, such deaths should be investigated and classifi ed as maternal deaths from indirect obstetric causes. 5,9,14,23 Although the relationship between suicide and pregnancy is a controversial topic in the literature, some authors have shown the existence of an association at the same time as they question its exclusion from the construction of maternal death indicators. 20,23 In some suicide cases, the pregnancy does not appear; in others, they represent unsuccessful attempts to abort a pregnancy which could not be legally terminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown prevalence varying between 0.9% and 35% and that the violence is associated with a pattern of violence having begun before the pregnancy. 4,10,11,13,14 In the city of São Paulo, the prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy has been estimated at 8.0% and 11.0% in the Zona da Mata area of Pernambuco (PE), Northeastern Brazil. 22 According to Durand & Schraiber,8 20.0% of the women using public health care services in São Paulo reported having suffered some type of violence whilst pregnant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causas externas e mortalidade materna: proposta de classificacao

Alves

Antunes

et al. 2013

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To analyze deaths from external causes and undefi ned causes in women of childbearing age occurring during pregnancy and early postpartum. METHODS:The deaths of 399 women of childbearing age, resident in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, in the period 2004 to 2006, were studied. The survey utilized the Reproductive Age Mortality Survey method and a set of standardized questionnaires. Data sources included reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine, hospital and Family Health Strategy records and interviews with relatives of the deceased women. External causes of death during pregnancy were classifi ed according to the circumstance of death, using the O93 code (ICD) and maternal mortality ratios before and after the classifi cation were calculated. RESULTS:Eighteen deaths during pregnancy were identifi ed. The majority were aged between 20 and 29, had between 4 and 7 years of schooling, were black and single parents. Fifteen deaths were classifi ed using the O93 code as pregnancy related death (13 for homicide -code 93.7; 2 by suicide -code 93.6) and three were classifi ed as indirect obstetric maternal deaths (one homicide -code 93.7 and two by suicide -code 93.6). There was an average increment of 35% in the RMM after classifi cation. CONCLUSIONS:Deaths from undefi ned causes in and in early postpartumdid not occur by chance and their exclusion from the calculations of maternal mortality indicators only increases levels of underreporting.

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“…Reports of gunshot wounds to pregnant women, occasionally injuring the gravid uterus, are becoming more common (1)(2)(3). Gunshots during pregnancy clearly jeopardize both the fetus and the mother.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%