Hexactinellida from the Perth Canyon, Eastern Indian Ocean, with descriptions of five new species

Abstract

Glass sponges (Class Hexactinellida) are described from the Perth Canyon in the eastern Indian Ocean, resulting in 10 genera being recorded, including 11 species, five of which are new to science. In addition, the study resulted in two new records for Australia, Pheronema raphanus and Monorhaphis chuni, and one new record for the Indian Ocean, Walteria flemmingi. A second species of Calyptorete is described over 90 years after the genus was first established with a single species. A significant difference was noted between the condition of sponges collected on the RV Falkor, which used an ROV, and the earlier RV Southern Surveyor expedition, which used sleds and trawls. The ROV collected specimens were in excellent condition, while those from the sleds and trawls tended to be damaged or fragmented.

Expanded sampling of New Zealand glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) provides new insights into biodiversity, chemodiversity, and phylogeny of the class

“…Texture tough, crunchy, brittle, color in situ and out of water, white. This specimen has a combination of clavule types (pileate and anchorate with hooks), microscleres (oxyhexasters only), and morphology of surface pentactins (microtuberculated) that does not match with diagnoses of the 37 described accepted species given in Lopes, Hajdu & Reiswig (2011) : Table 2) and later additions ( Reiswig & Kelly, 2011 ; Reiswig & Stone, 2013 ; Reiswig, 2014 ; Reiswig, 2018 ; Reiswig, 2020 ; Boury-Esnault et al, 2017 ; Tabachnick et al, 2019 ).…”

Rossellidae (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from the Bering Sea and off Bering Island

“…This specimen also differs from A. (Rhabdocalyptus) gomezei (Tabachnick et al, 2019), a species with notable amount of dermal stauractins, and A. (Rhabdocalyptus) bidentatusstauractins predominate in this species and secondary rays of discoctasters have 2 teeth (Okada, 1932).…”

Progress in Modern Marine Biomaterials Research

“…Biosilica, calcium carbonates, and phosphates (mostly in marine vertebrates) represent the dominant mineral phases in a broad diversity of biocomposite-based skeletal constructs. In contrast to Ca-based biominerals discussed below, we paid no attention to highly sophisticated biosilica-based constructs of sponges origin [276,[338][339][340][341][342] which represent diverse biomimetic models ( Figure 4); however, they are not industrially harvested, or cultivated being mostly protected.…”