Hexa-triethanolamine oleate esters as pour point depressant for waxy crude oils

The effect of amino [60] fullerene derivatives on pour point and rheological properties of waxy crude oil

“…Mole % MW C 1 0.005 C 2 0.132 C 3 2.124 C 4 1.002 C 5 3.008 C 6 3.256 C 7 2.958 93.8 C 8 8.236 105.0 C 9 13.247 121.0 C 10 10 structure of wax crystals induced by pour-point-depressant beneficiation [19]. Castro studied terpolymers as flow improvers for Mexican crude oils [20].…”

“…Asphaltenes having hydrogen bonded phenolic OH and nitrogen bases give rise to proton transfer complexes, which are responsible for the rise in viscosity and non-Newtonian flow of the coal liquids. Hafiz and Khidr [4] and Chanda et al [2] showed the effect of asphaltene on the rheological behavior, viscosity and pour point of waxy crude oil. Also, Suryanarayana et al [5] demonstrated that flow improvers modify the orientation of the aliphatic portion of resin, wax, and asphaltene and do not interact with the polar groups present in these fractions.…”

Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

“…Generally, the PPDs create barrier to the formation of the interlocking crystal wax network (Wang et al 1999). As a result, the altered shape and smaller size of the wax crystals reduce the formation of the interlocking networks and reduces the pour point (Hemant et al, 2008) by preventing wax agglomeration (Hafiz and Khidr, 2007). In some cases pendant chains in the additive co-crystallize with the wax and the polar end groups disrupts the orthorhombic crystal structure into a compact pyramidal form (Hemant et al, 2008).…”

The Effect of Commercial Additives as Pour Point Depressants for Fuel Oils

“…For evaluation of the improved operability of the treated fuel oils, determination of pour point test is the most widely adopted method. Photoanalysis is used also as a fast and simple supplementary screening tool confirming other laboratory test for evaluating the cold flow properties of untreated/treated fuel oils (El-Gamal et al, 1998;Khidr and Omar, 2003;Hafiz and Khidr 2007;Khidr, 2007;Khidr et al, 2007). In the present work, high temperature gas phase chromatography is utilized to characterize the content and carbon number distribution of n-alkanes in fuel oils.…”