“…The set of constraints corresponding to investment (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10) takes into account the physical limitations of the generating units and the budget limit. Within the group of operating constraints (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), and (30), (11), (12), (13), (14), and (15) state that if there are operating points with the same demand, they will have the same expansion plan in generation and transmission. Power balance constraints, thermal capacity limits in existing lines and those proposed by the model, constraints of direct current (DC) power flows for existing lines and candidates are represented in (17), (18), (19), (20), and (21), respectively.…”