Heterosis for seed, oil yield and quality of some different hybrids sunflower

Abstract

Twenty-one hybrids of sunflower were produced by crossing 7 introduced cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) with 3 restorer lines (RF-lines) using line × tester mating design. The twenty-one hybrids, three restorers, seven maintainer lines (B-lines) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Mean squares due to genotypes, parents (P), crosses (C), lines (L), testers (T), P vs. C, for stearic acid and line × tester for palmitic acid. The inbred lines and their F1 hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. The variances due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the studied traits, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the traits. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. Heterosis values for seed yield plant−1 were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (17.68–72.38%) and the better parent (−2.86–56.842%). Significantly and negative heterosis was recorded in the case of linoleic acid relative to the parental mean (−81.24 to −38.02%) and better parent (−66.24–22.87%). With oleic acid, the heterotic effect ranged from −14.18 to 39.59% (parental mean) and from −15.06 to 38.72% (better parent). Therefore, these results are valuable for the improvement of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in sunflower breeding material to fulfill the edible oil requirements.

Heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and oil traits of sunflower genotypes under water stress conditions

“…Such findings revealed that complementary interaction of genes in first hybrid and additive genes in second and third hybrids respectively were operating; hence hybrid development would be rewarding while single plant selection would be effective in early filial generations. Analogous to our results, reports are on the parental mean heterosis (up to 72%) and high parent heterosis (up to 57%) for seed yield (3). A broad array of heterosis for seed yield and oil quality traits in sunflower is observed by several previous researchers (35,36).…”

“…Thus, all the three hybrids deserve the exploitation of hybrid sunflower development. Similar to present findings, reports are on the parental mean heterosis (40%) and high parent heterosis (38%) (3). In another study, (35) also verified parental mean heterosis (52%) and better parent heterosis (51%), nevertheless hybrid TS-335 × 291RGI exhibited maximum negative mid and high parent heterotic effects while hybrid TS-18 × R-25 expressed highest positive mid and high parent heterosis.…”

“…Sunflower achene contains about 50% oil and 20-21 % protein that potentially fulfills the gap between global supply and consumption of sunflower as edible oil and animal feed purposes (1,2). The traditional sunflower oil contains oleic acid, linoleic acid from 90% fatty acids while palmitic acid and stearic acid possess 8 to10% fatty acids (3). Ghee Corporation of Pakistan (GCP) pioneered the sunflower growing in Pakistan in 1980s (4).…”