Heterosis, dominance estimate and genetic control of yield and post harvest quality traits of tomato

Abstract

Paucity of research on the development of tomato hybrid having desirable post harvest/or processing quality in the tropics compel to undertake this study. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to identify potential donors and crosses, to study the extent of heterosis and dominance behaviour, and to ascertain the genetic control of fifteen yield components and post harvest quality traits through line x tester mating design in tomato. Non-additive gene action controlled all characters studied, suggesting heterosis breeding for their improvement. Among parental lines, CLN2777-G’ and ‘FEB-2’ were the best general combiners for yield and processing traits and could be utilized further in tomato breeding programme. Crosses (‘CLN2768-A x A.C.AFT’ and ‘CLN2777-G x FEB-2’) showing high specific combining ability and yield involved parents showing high general combining ability for fruit yield per plant and other horticultural traits. All 9 F1 hybrids had significantly higher number of fruits per cluster and number of fruits per cluster over both mid-and better-parental values, while for the other traits, hybrids expressed average heterosis in both directions. The maximum extent of heterobeltiosis (53.56%) was found in lycopene content of fruit followed by number of fruits per cluster (32.59%) and fruit yield per plant (31.77%). The performances of the hybrids illustrated the presence of various degrees of dominance effects i.e., partial to overdominance /or no dominance. We could able to improve processing quality in spite of yield in the cross (‘CLN2777-G x FEB-2’) which can substantially make a dent for processing industry in the tropics.

Enhancement of post harvest fruit quality and leaf curl disease tolerance in tomato through hybrid breeding

“…The equal importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the control of polar diameter of fruit (Hazra and Nath, 2008), equatorial diameter of fruit and locules fruit -1 (Mondal et al, 2009) have also been documented. On the contrary to the present findings, previous workers also noted the importance of non-additive genetic effects for locules fruit -1 (Chattopadhyay et al, 2011;Sherpa et al, 2014), and additive gene effect for PDI of ToLCV disease (Farzane et al, 2012). The genetic constitution of the donor parents, environmental variation, crossing techniques used in analyzing the data and the precision of the experiment might play some important role for such disparities from previous results.…”

“…The highest per se performance for fruit yield plant -1 along with fruit weight, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, pericarp thickness and TSS content of fruit was recorded in CLN 2777E followed by CLN 2777F. Significant and positive gca effects for fruit weight (Farzane et al, 2012) and fruit yield plant -1 (Izge and Garba, 2012;Sherpa et al, 2014) have also been reported. Considering per se performance and gca effects, two parents namely, CLN 2777F and CLN 2777E could be identified as good donor parents for improvement of fruit yield having better processing quality traits and tolerance to leaf curl virus in future breeding programme.…”

“…Not many findings were available on the genetic control of post harvest fruit quality traits and leaf curl disease severity in tomato. The importance of non-additive gene action for the conditioning of fruit weight (Shende et al, 2012), TSS (Chattopadhyay et al, 2011), fruit acidity (Chattopadhyay et al, 2011), vitamin C content of fruit (Kumar et al, 2013), lycopene content of fruit and percent disease index (PDI) of ToLCV disease (Dharmatti et al, 2004), and fruit yield plant -1 (Shende et al, 2012;Sherpa et al, 2014) have also earlier been reported. The equal importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the control of polar diameter of fruit (Hazra and Nath, 2008), equatorial diameter of fruit and locules fruit -1 (Mondal et al, 2009) have also been documented.…”

“…Plant materials and field growing: Seven parents (CLN 2777A, CLN 2777F, CLN 2777E, CLN 2768A, tolerant to ToLCV disease collected from AVRDC, Taiwan; H-24, BCT-82P, BCT-110 from India) were selected based on their combining ability from our previous studies (Chattopadhyay et al, 2011;Shende et al, 2012;Sherpa et al, 2014). Twenty-five days old seedlings of seven parents were transplanted in crossing block during 2011 at warm sub-tropical humid climate (23.5 0 N latitude and 89 0 E longitude at a mean sea level of 9.75 m) under All India Coordinated Research Project on Vegetable Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.…”

“…Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a crop of Peru-Ecuador origin, is widely being used as salad as well as a variety of processed products (Chattopadhyay et al, 2013) However, the quality of different value added products of tomato depends on phyico-chemical parameters like fruit weight, polar diameter, locules per fruit, TSS, sugar, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, lycopene and ß-carotene contents of fruit which have been reported to vary greatly with variety/hybrid (Chattopadhyay et al, 2011;Sherpa et al, 2014). Resistance to biotic stresses apart from post harvest quality is one of the most prominent tomato breeding issues now-a-days.…”