Heteromolecular nucleation theory applied to gas-to-particle conversion

Kiang, C. S.; Stauffer, D.; Mohnen, Volker A.; Bricard, J.; Vigla, D.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(73)90137-6

Cited by 63 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sulfuric acid nucleates with water vapor under usual atmospheric conditions [Kiang et al, 1973], but HNO 3 remains in the gas phase at relative humidities up to about 98% [Nair et al, 1983]. Ammonia is scavenged by acidic sulfate aerosols until eventual neutralization is achieved; however, it has a substantial vapor pressure over ammonium nitrate aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

Jacob¹,

Waldman²,

Munger³

et al. 1986

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concentrations of HNO3(g ) and NH3(g ) determined in the field were compared to predictions from aerosol equilibrium models. The products of HNO3(g) and NH3(g) concentrations measured under cool and humid nonfoggy conditions agreed in magnitude with predictions from a comprehensive thermodynamic model for the atmospheric H2SO,•-HNO3-NH3-H20 system. Observed concentrations of NH3(g ) in fogs were generally consistent with those predicted at equilibrium with fog water, but important discrepancies were noted in some cases. These discrepancies may be due to fluctuations in fog water composition over the course of sample collection or to the sampling of nonfoggy pockets of air present within the fog. Detectable concentrations of HNO3(g ) (up to 23 neq m -3) were often found in fogs with pH < 5 and were attributed to the sampling of nonfoggy air or to the slow rate of HNO3(g) diffusion to fog droplets. Concentrations of HNO3(g ) in fogs with pH > 5 were below the detection limit of 4--8 neq [1983, 1984] JACOB ET AL.: H 2SO,•-HNO 3-NH 3 IN FOGS--THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

Jacob¹,

Waldman²,

Munger³

et al. 1986

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sulfuric acid is important in aerosol formation for humid air conditions, as emphasized in a number of studies (Kiang et al, 1973;Mirabel and Katz, 1974;Kulmala and Laaksonen, 1990). The efficiency of this process can be first studied considering the simplified binary sulfuric acid-water system before discussing more complicated atmospheric aerosol systems.…”

Section: Secondary Particles From Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and Secondary Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol

Tomasi

Lupi

2016

Atmospheric Aerosols

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…More recently, Kiang et al (1973b) have extended these calculations to a wide range of water vapor concentration; furthermore, they have also considered the conditions which must exsit for nucleation in the HNO3-H20 system to be effected.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation processes and aerosol chemistry

Castleman

1974

Space Sci Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the result of many observable optical phenomena, the occasional existence of upper atmospheric aerosols has been known since the beginning of the Century. Nevertheless, it is only during the last two decades that their persistent nature and extent of global distribution have become recognized. This review is addressed to the chemistry of upper atmospheric aerosols with particular attention to the chemical reactions and nucleation mechanisms responsible for their formation.Considering the stratosphere, it is now generally agreed that sulfate, mainly in the form of sulfuric acid, represents the single most abundant constituent of stratospheric aerosols. There is now strong evidence that these aerosols are formed in situ from sulfur bearing gases oxidized by free radicals. The various nucleation processes of atmospheric importance are reviewed, and it is shown that heteromolecular nucleation processes are almost certainly responsible for new particle formation in the stratosphere.The nature, and even existence, of aerosol layers above the stratosphere is less certain. The influx of extraterrestrial materials into the Earth atmosphere is estimated to be in the order of 50 to 500 tons per day. Considerations are given to the possible mechanisms which convert these materials to aerosol size particles. Although these particles provide one possible explanation for the appeareance of noctilucent clouds, nucleation about ions, most probably HaO + hydrates, is a strong contender as a more plausible formation mechanism. Considerable attention is given to this important atmospheric process, where it is shown that chemical forces contribute to the stability of the prenucleation clusters and the overall height of the energy barrier to nucleation. Finally, the role of aerosols in the sodium and other cycles of trace upper atmospheric constituents, is discussed.

show abstract

Heteromolecular nucleation theory applied to gas-to-particle conversion

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

Primary and Secondary Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol

Nucleation processes and aerosol chemistry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Heteromolecular nucleation theory applied to gas-to-particle conversion

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

The H2SO4‐HNO3‐NH3 system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

The H2SO4‐HNO3‐NH3 system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

Primary and Secondary Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol

Nucleation processes and aerosol chemistry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations