Primary and Secondary Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol

Tomasi, Claudio; Lupi, Angelo

doi:10.1002/9783527336449.ch1

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…The SO 2 which could come from direct emissions or which result from the oxidation of H 2 S, dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most common S-bearing gas in the atmosphere of which about 60 % is deposited and eliminated from the atmosphere (Berglen et al, 2004;Harris et al, 2013b). The remaining 40 % are ultimately oxidized into sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) following two major chemical pathways (gaseous and aqueous) that will actually condensate, forming secondary sulfate aerosols (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2012; Tomasi and Lupi, 2017). The sulfate particles have chemical compositions ranging from sulfuric acid droplets to ammonium sulfates (Sinha et al, 2008), depending on the availability of gaseous ammonia to neutralize the sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality in the Δ33S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO2

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Sulfates present in urban aerosols collected worldwide usually exhibit significant non-zero Δ33S signatures (from −0.6 ‰ to 0.5 ‰) whose origin still remains unclear. To better address this issue, we recorded the seasonal variations of the multiple sulfur isotope compositions of PM10 aerosols collected over the year 2013 at five stations within the Montreal Island (Canada), each characterized by distinct types and levels of pollution. The δ34S-values (n= 155) vary from 2.0 ‰ to 11.3 ‰ (±0.2 ‰, 2σ), the Δ33S-values from −0.080 ‰ to 0.341 ‰ (±0.01 ‰, 2σ) and the Δ36S-values from −1.082 ‰ to 1.751 ‰ (±0.2 ‰, 2σ). Our study evidences a seasonality for both the δ34S and Δ33S, which can be observed either when considering all monitoring stations or, to a lesser degree, when considering them individually. Among them, the monitoring station located at the most western end of the island, upstream of local emissions, yields the lowest mean δ34S coupled to the highest mean Δ33S-values. The Δ33S-values are higher during both summer and winter, and are < 0.1 ‰ during both spring and autumn. As these higher Δ33S-values are measured in “upstream” aerosols, we conclude that the mechanism responsible for these highly positive S-MIF also occurs outside and not within the city, at odds with common assumptions. While the origin of such variability in the Δ33S-values of urban aerosols (i.e. −0.6 ‰ to 0.5 ‰) is still subject to debate, we suggest that oxidation by Criegee radicals and/or photooxidation of atmospheric SO2 in the presence of mineral dust may play a role in generating such large ranges of S-MIF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality in the Δ33S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO2

et al. 2019

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“…Volcanic emissions are found to be one of the most abundant natural sources of particles and gases in the atmosphere (Bobrowski et al, 2007;Boulon et al, 2011;Haywood & Boucher, 2000;Oppenheimer et al, 2003Oppenheimer et al, , 2011Robock, 2000;Tomasi & Lupi, 2016). Volcanos emit a wide range of different gases (SO 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, H 2 S, HF, HBr, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna and Stromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its Parameterization From Airborne In Situ Measurements

et al. 2019

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Volcanic emissions can significantly affect the Earth's radiation budget by emitting aerosol particles and gas‐phase species that can result in the new particle formation (NPF). These particles can scatter solar radiation or modify cloud properties, with consequences on health, weather, and climate. To our knowledge, this is the first dedicated study detailing how gas‐phase precursors emitted from volcanic plumes can influence the NPF. A series of airborne measurements were performed around the Etna and Stromboli volcanoes within the framework of the CLerVolc and STRAP projects. The ATR‐42 aircraft was equipped with a range of instrumentation allowing the measurement of particle number concentration in diameter range above 2.5 nm and gaseous species to investigate the aerosol dynamics and the processes governing the NPF and their growth within the volcanic plumes. We demonstrate that NPF occurs within the volcanic plumes in the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL). Typically, the NPF events were more pronounced in the FT, where the condensational sink was up to two orders of magnitude smaller and the temperature was ~20 °C lower than in the BL. Within the passive volcanic plume, the concentration of sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, and N2.5 were as high as 92 ppbV, 5.65 × 108 and 2.4 × 105 cm−3, respectively. Using these measurements, we propose a new parameterization for NPF rate (J2.5) within the passive volcanic plume in the FT. These results can be incorporated into mesoscale models to better assess the impact of the particle formed by natural processes, that is, volcanic plumes, on climate.

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“…Interestingly, the salt spray over the oceans is the strongest contributor to the aerosols and particulates found in Earth’s atmosphere, and thus, the main source of non-anthropogenic generated aerosols. [ 75 , 76 ]. Sea spray consists of sodium chloride (NaCl), with some magnesium (Mg 2+ ), sulfate (SO 4 2− ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), potassium (K − ), and other components present in ocean water.…”

Section: Air Pollution Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Effects on Human Health and Approaches for Its Assessment through Microfluidic Chips

Schulze

Gao

Viržonis

et al. 2017

Genes

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Air quality depends on the various gases and particles present in it. Both natural phenomena and human activities affect the cleanliness of air. In the last decade, many countries experienced an unprecedented industrial growth, resulting in changing air quality values, and correspondingly, affecting our life quality. Air quality can be accessed by employing microchips that qualitatively and quantitatively determine the present gases and dust particles. The so-called particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5) values are of high importance, as such small particles can penetrate the human lung barrier and enter the blood system. There are cancer cases related to many air pollutants, and especially to PM2.5, contributing to exploding costs within the healthcare system. We focus on various current and potential future air pollutants, and propose solutions on how to protect our health against such dangerous substances. Recent developments in the Organ-on-Chip (OoC) technology can be used to study air pollution as well. OoC allows determination of pollutant toxicity and speeds up the development of novel pharmaceutical drugs.

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Primary and Secondary Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol

Cited by 34 publications

References 193 publications

Seasonality in the Δ<sup>33</sup>S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO<sub>2</sub>

Seasonality in the Δ<sup>33</sup>S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO<sub>2</sub>

Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna and Stromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its Parameterization From Airborne In Situ Measurements

Air Quality Effects on Human Health and Approaches for Its Assessment through Microfluidic Chips

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Primary and Secondary Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol

Cited by 34 publications

References 193 publications

Seasonality in the Δ&lt;sup&gt;33&lt;/sup&gt;S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

Seasonality in the Δ&lt;sup&gt;33&lt;/sup&gt;S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna and Stromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its Parameterization From Airborne In Situ Measurements

Air Quality Effects on Human Health and Approaches for Its Assessment through Microfluidic Chips

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Seasonality in the Δ<sup>33</sup>S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO<sub>2</sub>

Seasonality in the Δ<sup>33</sup>S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO<sub>2</sub>