Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oils: A Literature Review

Veldsink, J.W.; Bouma, Martin J.; Schöön, N.-H.; Beenackers, A.A.C.M.

doi:10.1080/01614949709353778

Cited by 160 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…It has been shown that an increase in catalyst amount induces a decrease in hydrogen concentration near the catalyst surface (Coenen, 1976;Veldsink et al, 1997). It has also been reported that a lower hydrogen concentration near the catalyst surface induces the formation of trans fat (Veldsink et al, 1997;Belkacemi et al, 2007), which is the case for this work where both C18:1trans and C18:2 trans notably built up when the catalyst concentration increased from 0.5% to 2% (see Table 5). Even though the total CLA content increased with increasing the catalyst concentration, the composition of CLA isomers in hydrogenated/isomerised safflower oil over 1%Rh/SBA-15 catalyst, seemed to be almost identical at least for 1.0% and 2.0% of catalyst concentrations.…”

Section: Catalyst Concentration Effectmentioning

confidence: 63%

Conjugated linoleic acid formation by hydrogenation/isomerisation of safflower oil over bifunctional structured catalyst Rh/SBA‐15

et al. 2011

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Directed isomerisation of safflower oil under very low hydrogen partial pressure of 7 psi over a novel bifunctional highly structured rhodium-based catalyst (Rh/SBA-15), having narrow pore size distribution ranging from 4 to 8 nm, and BET-specific surface of ≈1,000 m 2 g −1 , was investigated as a new chemocatalytic approach for vegetable oil hardening and simultaneously producing health-beneficial conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). Time course profiles of (cis-9, trans-11)-; (cis-10, trans-12)-; (trans-10, cis-12)-; (cis,cis)-and (trans, trans)-octadecadienoic isomers (CLAs) as well as the other fatty acids traditionally encountered during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils are presented and discussed under selected process conditions. Preliminary results show that it is possible to tailor characteristics of the hydrogenation catalyst in such way to confer its bi-functional activity: hydrogenation and conjugation isomerisation.

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Section: Catalyst Concentration Effectmentioning

confidence: 63%

Conjugated linoleic acid formation by hydrogenation/isomerisation of safflower oil over bifunctional structured catalyst Rh/SBA‐15

et al. 2011

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“…[3] Industrial vegetable oil hydrogenation takes place in a stirred tank reactor at temperatures from 170 to 200°C at 2-5 bar of H 2 -pressure and is catalyzed by finely distributed nickel on kieselguhr. [4,5] The resulting product contains up to 50 % trans-isomerised fatty acids. [6] A high trans-fatty acid content increases the melting point of the product, restrains its application [3] and is discussed in terms of increasing health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Polymer Membranes for high Temperature Hydrogenation of viscous Liquids

Fritsch

Bengtson

2006

Adv Eng Mater

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Polymeric membranes with high oil fluxes were developed and catalytically activated by a new route of direct calcination of polymeric membranes charged by Pd or Pt catalyst precursors. High concentrations of citric acid mixed with the precursors afforded a decrease of the calcination temperature to 175°C. Membrane reactor tests in the flow through contactor mode displayed high reactivities for sunflower oil hydrogenation. Pt showed a similar activity to Pd catalysts as measured by iodine value and generated about 13% less trans‐isomers but 5% more stearic acid at an iodine value of 90. By means of alumina supported catalysts tests of methyl oleate (cis‐C18:1) and methyl elaidate (trans‐C18:1) hydrogenation exhibited a different pathway of reaction by either isomerization followed by reduction (Pd) or primarily direct reduction to methyl stearate (Pt).

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“…The conventional hydrogenation of vegetable oil is carried out in a stirred batch autoclave (typically 30,000-90,000 pounds of oil [11]) over nickel based catalyst in a slurry at 110-190ºC, 30-70 psi hydrogen pressure, with 0.01-0.15wt% Ni catalyst [9] (supported on Kieselguhr, silicaalumina, or carbon [10]). This approach (Figure 1a) relies on the dissolution of hydrogen in the oil followed by convective (supported by stirring) and diffusive (in the particle boundary layer) hydrogen transport to the catalytic sites.…”

Section: Vegetable Oil Hydrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial hydrogenation of soybean oil using metal-decorated integral-asymmetric polymer membranes: Effects of morphology and membrane properties

Singh

Rezac

Pfromm

2010

Journal of Membrane Science

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Three phase reaction schemes pose numerous challenges to reactor design due to the slow diffusional mass transfer of reactants from the gas phase through a liquid to the active sites of the catalyst. An example is partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil which is traditionally carried out in a batch autoclave by bubbling hydrogen gas though a slurry of oil and solid catalyst particles containing Ni. Unwanted trans fatty acids (TFA) are formed during this process due to the scarcity of hydrogen at the active catalyst sites. Here we investigate the use of metal decorated integral-asymmetric polymer membranes to enable the supply of dissolved hydrogen near the location where the liquid oil phase contacts the catalyst. Hydrogen gas is supplied to the porous sub-structure of the asymmetric membrane where it dissolves in the thin skin layer of the membrane and emerges as dissolved hydrogen on the metal-decorated side of the membrane where the oil is present. Temperature and pressure are compatible with existing facilities. All membranes produced low TFA (2.6-4.6 wt% at Iodine Value of 95) compared to the slurry process. A 1000 metric ton per day soybean oil hydrogenation facility would require 2-3000 m 2 membrane area with a total of 90 grams of Pt metal catalyst. This could be envisioned as metal sputtered hollow fibers packaged in conventional modules.

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Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oils: A Literature Review

Cited by 160 publications

References 178 publications

Conjugated linoleic acid formation by hydrogenation/isomerisation of safflower oil over bifunctional structured catalyst Rh/SBA‐15

Conjugated linoleic acid formation by hydrogenation/isomerisation of safflower oil over bifunctional structured catalyst Rh/SBA‐15

Catalytic Polymer Membranes for high Temperature Hydrogenation of viscous Liquids

Partial hydrogenation of soybean oil using metal-decorated integral-asymmetric polymer membranes: Effects of morphology and membrane properties

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