Heterogeneous effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy on carbon emissions: Evidence from developing countries

Akram, Rabia; Chen, Fuzhong; Khalid, Fahad; Ye, Zhiwei; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119122

Cited by 314 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…However, during the latter stage of economic development and a structural shift to the service sector, the effect of energy consumption on pollution became negative due to the adoption of efficient technologies and renewable energy use. These findings are in line with Akram et al [69], who documented the pollution mitigating role of energy efficiency and renewable energy in developing countries. The coefficient of income level implied a significant and positive impact on emissions in three cases.…”

Section: Ardl Long-term and Short-term Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The basic intuition behind this log is that energy use and carbon emissions are tightly linked during the early phase of economic development and structural change. However, the development of more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technology and a shift toward cleaner energy production decrease environmental degradation [69]. Therefore, we expected that the quadratic term of energy use should hold a negative coefficient (α 2 < 0), which implies that a more efficient use of energy and cleaner production mitigate pollution in Pakistan.…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Our pioneer study is aimed at investigating the role of the service sector in affecting sustainable environment in Pakistan. Using time series data over 1971–2014 and applying an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model with structural break analysis, we establish a long-term equilibrium relationship of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with energy consumption, income level, services and trade openness. Our findings support a service-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Pakistan. The income level sharply raises environmental degradation at the early stage; however, after reaching a certain threshold, it improves environmental quality but at a lower rate. There exists an inverted U-shaped nexus between services and CO2 emissions, which implies that the service sector is less energy-intensive in terms of mitigating pollution in Pakistan. Moreover, the energy consumption has an inverted U-shaped effect on carbon emissions, which implies energy efficiencies and adoption of renewable energy has reduced pollution in the long run. The trade openness increases CO2 emissions in both the short term and long term. The quadratic term of income level has a negatively inelastic impact on CO2 emissions, which implies a very slow rate of improvement in environmental quality. On the other hand, the quadratic term of services shows a highly elastic impact on pollution, which induces the EKC hypothesis. Our robustness checks such as fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (OLS), and Toda and Yamamoto (TY) causality tests further confirm the existence of the service-induced EKC hypothesis in Pakistan. Moreover, there exists a unidirectional causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions, a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, and a unidirectional causal linkage between services and CO2 emissions. Lastly, we discuss certain policy implications for designing appropriate environmental and energy policies to mitigate the pollution in Pakistan.

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Section: Ardl Long-term and Short-term Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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“…� (2) � − � (1) Characteristics CR1 CR2 CR3 CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR1 -3, 3, 3,4,10,11 3,11 3,4, 19 10,3 4 16, Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8…”

Section: Appendix C -Alpha Level Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the main advantages of renewable energy alternatives are to develop sustainable energy production and reduce dependency on other countries for the energy supply [1]. Thus, for the countries, it has become extremely important to invest in renewable energy sources to maintain the energy-economy-ecology balance (3E) [2]. Although investments in this area have been increasing recently, the production capacity of these resources is still not large enough and full efficiency is not achieved due to the high technical knowledge required by renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Investments Strategies for Renewable Energies Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Model

Zhong

Yüksel

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The purpose of this study is to determine appropriate innovative strategies for the renewable energy investments. For this purpose, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is proposed based on interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy sets and alpha cut levels. Within this context, hesitant IT2 fuzzy DEMATEL-Based Analytic Network Process (DANP) with alpha cut levels is applied for weighting the customer requirements. Moreover, hesitant IT2 fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) with alpha cut levels is used for ranking the TRIZ-based strategies priorities of renewable energy investments based on house of quality technique. These strategies are also ranked with hesitant IT2 fuzzy Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) approach to make a comparative evaluation. The results illustrate that ease of access and security are among the most prominent factors of customer requirements for renewable energy investments. It is also identified that innovative technical requirement entitled cushion in advance has the best choice for the sustainable renewable energy projects. Furthermore, the results of proposed model using hesitant IT2 fuzzy DANP and hesitant IT2 fuzzy TOPSIS are identical for the different levels of alpha cut. In addition, it is also defined that the results of hesitant IT2 fuzzy TOPSIS and hesitant IT2 fuzzy VIKOR are quite coherent. This is a clear evidence that the proposed model is coherent and could provide comprehensive results for the future studies. It is strongly recommended that a detailed analysis is required to identify the risks in renewable energy investment projects. Hence, necessary actions can be taken appropriately so that it can be possible to prevent problems before they grow.

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“…Solar energy will play a key role in the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy [1][2][3][4][5]. More than one fourth of the energy resources in the developed countries is nowadays used for heating and cooling [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Selective Solar Absorber in High Vacuum Flat Solar Thermal Panels: The Role of Emissivity and Cut-Off Wavelength

Maio¹,

D’Alessandro²,

Caldarelli³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A multilayer structure on a metallic substrate has been optically simulated and the optimization procedure aimed at obtaining Selective Solar Absorber (SSA) is discussed. This study refers to flat high vacuum thermal collectors and the overall Sun-to-thermal conversion efficiency has been evaluated using analytical formula and numerical thermal model. Both methods are in agreement and they have been validated using experimental results on a commercial absorber. The importance of a low emittance value to obtain high thermal efficiency at high temperatures and high stagnation temperature in selective solar absorber is highlighted. Optimized absorbers can be 8% more efficient than the commercial alternative at 250 °C operating temperatures and up to 27% more efficient at 300 °C. A stagnation temperature higher than 400 °C can be reached without Sun concentration if the proper design is adopted.

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Heterogeneous effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy on carbon emissions: Evidence from developing countries

Cited by 314 publications

References 80 publications

Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan

Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan

Analyzing the Investments Strategies for Renewable Energies Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Model

Efficiency of Selective Solar Absorber in High Vacuum Flat Solar Thermal Panels: The Role of Emissivity and Cut-Off Wavelength

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