Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by a novel nano-magnetite/ZnO/activated carbon nanohybrid for carbofuran degradation: Toxicity assessment, water matrices, degradation mechanism and radical and non-radical pathways
“…Also in this range there are oscillation bands characteristic of the NH + group (1470 and 1494 cm −1 ). In the range from 500 to 1200 cm −1 , the presence of oscillation bands characteristic for CH 2 group is observed [80][81][82] .…”
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.) We used seeds of Hordéum vulgáre L. with reduced morphofunctional characteristics. For the experiment, Se NPs were synthesized and stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. It was found that Se NPs have a spherical shape and a diameter of about 50 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles was 28 ± 8 nm. It is observed that the nanoparticles have a positive ζ-potential (+ 27.3 mV). For the experiment, we treated Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). The experiment showed that treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs has the best effect on the length of roots and sprout at concentration of 5 mg/L and on the number and thickness of roots at 10 mg/L. Germinability and germination energy of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds were higher in group treated with 5 mg/L Se NPs. Analysis of macrophotographs of samples, histological sections of roots and 3D visualization of seeds by microcomputing tomography confirmed the best effect at 5 mg/L Se NPs. Moreover, no local destructions were detected at concentrations > 5 mg/L, which is most likely due to the inhibition of regulatory and catalytic processes in the germinating seeds. the treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with > 5 mg/L Se NPs caused significant stress, coupled with intensive formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of root system growth towards thickening. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that Se NPs at concentrations > 5 mg/L had a toxic effect. The treatment of barley seeds with 5% Se NPs showed maximum efficiency in the experiment, which allows us to further consider Se NPs as a stimulator for the growth and development of crop seeds under stress and reduced morphofunctional characteristics.
“…Also in this range there are oscillation bands characteristic of the NH + group (1470 and 1494 cm −1 ). In the range from 500 to 1200 cm −1 , the presence of oscillation bands characteristic for CH 2 group is observed [80][81][82] .…”
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.) We used seeds of Hordéum vulgáre L. with reduced morphofunctional characteristics. For the experiment, Se NPs were synthesized and stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. It was found that Se NPs have a spherical shape and a diameter of about 50 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles was 28 ± 8 nm. It is observed that the nanoparticles have a positive ζ-potential (+ 27.3 mV). For the experiment, we treated Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). The experiment showed that treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs has the best effect on the length of roots and sprout at concentration of 5 mg/L and on the number and thickness of roots at 10 mg/L. Germinability and germination energy of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds were higher in group treated with 5 mg/L Se NPs. Analysis of macrophotographs of samples, histological sections of roots and 3D visualization of seeds by microcomputing tomography confirmed the best effect at 5 mg/L Se NPs. Moreover, no local destructions were detected at concentrations > 5 mg/L, which is most likely due to the inhibition of regulatory and catalytic processes in the germinating seeds. the treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with > 5 mg/L Se NPs caused significant stress, coupled with intensive formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of root system growth towards thickening. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that Se NPs at concentrations > 5 mg/L had a toxic effect. The treatment of barley seeds with 5% Se NPs showed maximum efficiency in the experiment, which allows us to further consider Se NPs as a stimulator for the growth and development of crop seeds under stress and reduced morphofunctional characteristics.
“…Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the prepared nano-SiO 2 is shown in Figure 4, where two main degradation stages were detected. The rst degradation step of 13.16% at 113°C may be due to the loss of water molecules and atmospheric gases that are combined with the fabricated nano-SiO 2 [39]. The second degradation stage with a total weight loss of 10.36% swung from 113 to 988°C which was assigned to the cleavage of the backbone of the synthesized nano-SiO 2 [40].…”
Section: Instruments and Analytical Methodsmentioning
In the current study, nano-silica oxide (nano-SiO2) was fabricated via the sol-gel technique. Then, the prepared nano-SiO2 was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Furthermore, the fabricated nano-SiO2 was applied for the adsorption of lead Pb (II) and chromium Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. Additionally, the influence of different operating factors such as contact time, nano-SiO2 dose, initial pH, initial metal ions concentration, and the temperature was investigated. The nano-SiO2 dosages of 0.5 and 1 g L-1 were selected as the optimal adsorbent dose for the removal of Pb (II) and Cr (VI), respectively. These doses achieved a removal efficiency of 83.29% and 78.65% for Pb (II) and Cr (VI), after 60 and 90 min, respectively, (at initial pH values of 7, using 10 mg L-1 initial metals concentration, and at room temperature). Lastly, kinetic and equilibrium studies were competently fitted using the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively. Adsorption thermodynamic studies designate the spontaneous and thermodynamic of the adsorption processes nature. These results reveal the efficiency of the fabricated nano-SiO2 as an adsorbent for heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions.
“…36,37 This bond is associated with the presence of amorphous carbon. 12,13,[38][39][40] The smaller peaks at 2800 cm −1 to 2900 cm −1 correspond to the stretching vibration of the C-H bond. [41][42][43] Further, a stretching vibration of C]C]O can be noticed around 2300 cm −1 .…”
Section: Chemical Properties Of Prepared Carbon Materialsmentioning
In this investigation, we reported sustainable and economical upcycling methods for utilizing plastics as cheap precursors for the production of high-value carbon materials such as graphene (G), carbon spheres (CS), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
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