Heterogeneity of Property Rights Strategies in A Global Context: The Case of Genetically Modified Soybean Seeds

Abstract

The protection of property rights is a pressing strategic issue in the genetically modified soybean seed industry. Because the soybean plant is characterized by self‐reproducibility, it is essential for biotechnology firms to establish strategies of property rights appropriation. To obtain new insights into this issue, we investigate in two directions. First, we propose a model of value appropriation in which property rights strategies are influenced by the institutional conditions and the monitoring technology in a given country. Second, we analyze three cases of property rights protection with respect to soybean seeds. We then present a comparative discussion of the cases and develop some propositions based on the theoretical framework and the case studies. We conclude with a discussion of our model's managerial implications.

MNE Subsidiaries’ Outsourcing and InSourcing of R&D: The Role of Local Institutions

“…We also contribute to the emergent literature on innovation and IP regimes in global strategy (Chittoor, Aulakh, and Ray, 2015;Khoury, Cuervo-Cazurra, and Dau, 2014;Monteiro and Zylbersztajn, 2015) by showing that institutions affect not only firms' own innovation activities, but the ways they engage with others in that process. Finally, we contribute to research on outsourcing, and R&D outsourcing in particular, by moving beyond analyzing outsourcing as an entry mode (Lewin, Massini, and Peeters, 2009).…”

“…We also add to the literature on innovation and IP in global strategy (Chittoor et al, 2015;Khoury et al, 2014;Monteiro and Zylbersztajn, 2015) by showing that institutions affect a firm's own innovation activities as well as the way they engage with other actors. As emerging economies increasingly host not only local market-oriented innovation activities, but become the source of reverse innovation (Govindarajan and Ramamurti, 2011;Yang et al, 2008), this insight is important for both theory and practice in global innovation strategy.…”

Disentangling the role of the institutional environment in the ownership competence framework: A comment on Foss et al. (2021)

“…Think of another commodity widely traded on the international market: soybeans. Monteiro and Zylbersztajn (2015) analyze the protection of property rights over genetically modified soybean seeds in three different countries, examining how biotechnology companies devise mechanisms for appropriating value and dealing with agency problems. In the United States, where the institutional environment is strong, biotechnology companies undertake value protection efforts based on the establishment of technology licensing contracts along with the use of the legal system.…”

A vállalkozói szerveződések szerepe a szerződéses kapcsolatok támogatásában. Egy magyar ágazat tanulságai

“…Az állami intézmények hagyományosan domináns szerepe az ágazatban a nemesítői jogok kikényszerítését és a minőségi szabályozást egyaránt megalapozó regisztrációs rendszer működtetése (Ghijsen, 2002;Louwaars, 2002aLouwaars, , 2002b. A nemesítői tulajdonjogok szerződéses kikényszerítésében az állam mellett a második fél általi kikényszerítés, vagyis a nemesítő-eladó fél által a szerződésbe beépített szankciók és saját ellenőrzés mindenhol jelen van, de annál fontosabb, minél kevésbé hagyatkozhat az eladó a formális jogrendszerre (Monteiro & Zylbersztajn, 2015). Az állami beavatkozás világszerte elterjedt, de a limitált kormányzati kapacitással rendelkező országok esetén a hírnéven alapuló mechanizmusok is képesek megalapozni a bizalmat (van Gastel, Gregg, & Asiedu, 2002).…”