Heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility and the neurophysiology of hypnosis

Terhune, Devin Blair; Cardeña, Etzel

doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2014.10.003

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…By studying a larger sample, highs could be classified according to a more detailed hypnotic profile rather than their mere total hypnotizability scores. This could be useful because different sub-types of highs have been described in relation to their tendency to dissociation, hallucination, and inhibition [73,74] and such differences may account, for instance, for the scattered brain structural results reported in literature.…”

Section: Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Structural Variations in Subjects with Different Hypnotizability

et al. 2018

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Hypnotizability-the proneness to accept suggestions and behave accordingly-has a number of physiological and behavioral correlates (postural, visuomotor, and pain control) which suggest a possible involvement of cerebellar function and/or structure. The present study was aimed at investigating the association between cerebellar macro- or micro-structural variations (analyzed through a voxel-based morphometry and a diffusion tensor imaging approach) and hypnotic susceptibility. We also estimated morphometric variations of cerebral gray matter structures, to support current evidence of hypnotizability-related differences in some cerebral areas. High (highs, N = 12), and low (lows, N = 37) hypnotizable healthy participants (according to the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, form A) were submitted to a high field (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging protocol. In comparison to lows, highs showed smaller gray matter volumes in left cerebellar lobules IV/V and VI at uncorrected level, with the results in left lobule IV/V maintained also at corrected level. Highs showed also gray matter volumes smaller than lows in right inferior temporal gyrus, middle and superior orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and supramarginal parietal gyrus, as well as in left gyrus rectus, insula, and middle temporal cortex at uncorrected level. Results of right inferior temporal gyrus survived also at corrected level. Analyses on micro-structural data failed to reveal any significant association. The here found morphological variations allow to extend the traditional cortico-centric view of hypnotizability to the cerebellar regions, suggesting that cerebellar peculiarities may sustain hypnotizability-related differences in sensorimotor integration and emotional control.

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Section: Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Structural Variations in Subjects with Different Hypnotizability

et al. 2018

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“…It would have increased the number of factors of variability too much with respect to the sample size. Indeed, a much larger sample would also allow for a more sophisticated hypnotic assessment able to differentiate Highs and their topological features according to their hypnotic profile (that is the quality of the items they passed on the scoring scale) rather than simply to the total score reported on hypnotizability scales 101 . Finally, present findings allow to suggest that the Highs' response to sensory suggestions could be facilitated by larger superimposition of the cortical activations associated with imagined and physically induced sensory experience, thus sustaining the reported involuntariness in action.…”

Section: Sensory-cognitive Information Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology highlights mesoscopic functional equivalence between imagery and perception

Ibáñez‐Marcelo

Campioni

Phinyomark

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The functional equivalence between mental images and perception or motion has been proposed on the basis of neuroimaging evidence of large spatially overlapping activations between real and imagined sensori-motor conditions. However, similar local activation patterns do not imply the same mesoscopic integration of brain regions active during imagery and perception or action. Here we present the first EEG evidence of topological equivalence between functional network organization at intermediate and global scales during tasks. We show that the degree of functional equivalence varies in the population and is associated with different magnitudes in the restructuring of the functional connectivity between imagery and real tasks. In particular, changes observed during imagery with respect to basal conditions account for the cognitive effort experienced during imagery, and subjects characterized by stronger functional equivalence exhibit smaller topological deviations in the imagination tasks performed after real tasks, thus showing learning effects. Altogether, our findings point to different sensori-cognitive information processing in the subjects showing different functional equivalence. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for a novel dynamical description of functional equivalence, which will be relevant for socio-cognitive theories of embodiment and cognitive formulations of how different selves emerge from neurophysiological assets.

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“…Dissociation only weakly correlates with hypnotic suggestibility (Butler & Bryant, 1997; Covino et al, 1994; Frischholz et al, 1992) although highly suggestible individuals seem to be prone to dissociative states following a hypnotic induction (Cleveland et al, 2015; Maxwell et al, 2015; Terhune et al, 2011a, 2011b). By contrast, there is consistent evidence that patients with dissociative and germane disorders reliably display elevated hypnotic suggestibility (see Bell et al, 2011; Dell, 2019; Terhune & Cardeña, 2015; Wieder et al, 2021, for reviews). Additionally, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are known for their dissociative effects (Farber, 2003) and they produce increases in suggestibility (Whalley & Brooks, 2009; see Acunzo et al, 2021, for a review).…”

Section: The Domain Of Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedunculopontine-induced cortical decoupling as the neurophysiological locus of dissociation.

Smith¹,

Terhune²

2023

Psychological Review

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Mounting evidence suggests an association between aberrant sleep phenomena and dissociative experiences. However, no wake-sleep boundary theory provides a compelling explanation of dissociation or specifies its physiological substrates. We present a theoretical account of dissociation that integrates theories and empirical results from multiple lines of research concerning the domain of dissociation and the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.This theory posits that individual differences in the circuitry governing the REM sleep promoting Pedunculopontine Nucleus and Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus determine the degree of similarity in the cortical connectivity profiles of wakefulness and REM sleep. We propose that a latent trait characterized by elevated dissociative experiences emerges from the decoupling of frontal executive regions due to a REM sleep-like aminergic/cholinergic balance. The Pedunculopontine Induced Cortical Decoupling Account of Dissociation (PICDAD) suggests multiple fruitful lines of inquiry and provides novel insights.

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Heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility and the neurophysiology of hypnosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Cerebellar Structural Variations in Subjects with Different Hypnotizability

Cerebellar Structural Variations in Subjects with Different Hypnotizability

Topology highlights mesoscopic functional equivalence between imagery and perception

Pedunculopontine-induced cortical decoupling as the neurophysiological locus of dissociation.

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