Heterogeneity-driven collective-motion patterns of active gels

Teng, Rui; Gao, Qingyu; Yuan, Ling; Lin, Rong; Wang, Jing; Epstein, Irving R.

doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100933

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…24,32,33 Then, gels were trimmed into a submillimeter scale (approximately 500 × 500 × 500 μm) to induce anisotropic deformation during the BZ reaction. 27,28 The resulting gels exhibited a sandwich-type structure with regions on both sides containing Ru(bpy) 3 and a middle region without conjugated Ru(bpy) 3 (Figure 2b). We adopted the following two parameters to fabricate various sandwich-type self-oscillating gels: (1) mole percentage ratio of NAPMAm to NIPAAm in the base gel (i.e., mol NAPMAm /mol NIPAAm , (%)) and ( 2) the dipping time of the base gels into the Ru(bpy) 3 -NHS solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropically Deforming Sandwich-Type Self-Oscillating Gels: A Hierarchical Model Platform of Cardiac Tissue

Lee,

Enomoto,

Mizutani Akimoto

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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Here, we present sandwich-type self-oscillating gels as a potential model for exploring the cardiac hierarchy and derived emergent properties. The sandwich-type self-oscillating gels, mimicking the basic block of the cardiac muscle tissue, consist of the base and self-oscillating gel layers, where the self-oscillating layer at both sides surrounds the base gels in the middle. The sandwich-type self-oscillating gels feature a distinguished deformation according to the equilibrium condition. The shape anisotropically deforms when the system is far from equilibrium (during a Belousov−Zhabotinsky reaction), while it isotropically changes in the equilibrium. Similar to the case for the cardiac muscle, the area ratio between the two components determines the anisotropic deformation behavior. Considering that the self-oscillating and base gels can serve as cardiomyocytes and an extracellular matrix, our study can be an alternative soft material-based experimental platform for investigating how the changes in the substructural properties affect the superstructural functions in the heart tissues.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropically Deforming Sandwich-Type Self-Oscillating Gels: A Hierarchical Model Platform of Cardiac Tissue

Lee,

Enomoto,

Mizutani Akimoto

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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“…In the absence of illumination, we can obtain swing-forward motion as shown in Figure 1 with the following detail. [39] The group moves in the positive Y-direction while swinging periodically back and forth in the X-direction. This behavior is produced by endowing two of the gels with heterogeneity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the oscillation of gel 6 can activate gel 3, resulting in the chemical wave propagating from gel 6 to gel 3 as shown by the red arrow in the in inset of Figure 3B (as well as to gel 9), which enables the formation of a spiral wave and drives the circular motion of the gel group. [39] On the other hand, when the spiral wave is formed, the wave tip will rotate among four gels (gel 3-2-5-6-3). Therefore, when the wave tip propagates from gel 3 to gel 6, the time should be 3/4 of the period of the chemical oscillations, and the maximum Δϕ 36 before the formation of the wave tip should be about 3/4 × 2π = 4.71, which was the value found above for Δϕ 36 , supporting our analysis of the generation and propagation of spiral waves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The propagation time for Δ L 36 =27.1 obtained from Figure 3D is 22.1 (five‐pointed star in Figure 3D), which is close to the value we calculated using Equations 3 and 4. Therefore, the oscillation of gel 6 can activate gel 3, resulting in the chemical wave propagating from gel 6 to gel 3 as shown by the red arrow in the in inset of Figure 3B (as well as to gel 9), which enables the formation of a spiral wave and drives the circular motion of the gel group [39] . On the other hand, when the spiral wave is formed, the wave tip will rotate among four gels (gel 3–2–5–6–3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To generate stable patterns of motion, we introduce heterogeneous individuals into the group, [39] endowing two individuals with activity different from that of the other members of the group. We exploit the photosensitivity of the BZ gel by introducing a variable illumination intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transitions of Collective Motions Driven by Phase Resetting

Teng

Lin

et al. 2023

ChemPhysChem

Self Cite

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Abrupt (i. e. step) environmental changes, such as natural disasters or the intervention of predators, can alter the internal dynamics of groups with active units, leading to the rapid destruction and/or restructuring of the group, with the emergence of new collective structures that endow the system with adaptability. Few studies, to date, have considered the influence of abrupt environmental changes on emergent behavior. Here, we use a model of active matter, the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky (BZ) self‐oscillating gel, to study the mechanism of formation and transition between modes of collective locomotion caused by changes of illumination intensity in arrays of interacting photosensitive active units. New forms of collective motion can be generated by step changes of illumination intensity. These transformations arise from the phase resetting and wave‐signal regeneration induced by the abrupt parameter variation, while gradual change results in different evolution of collective motion. Our results not only suggest a novel mechanism for emergence, but also imply that new collective behaviors could be accessible via discontinuous parameter changes.

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Temperature‐Adaptative Self‐Oscillating Gels: Toward Autonomous Biomimetic Soft Actuators with Broad Operating Temperature Region

Lee,

Enomoto,

Akimoto

et al. 2024

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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We showcase self‐oscillating gel systems exhibiting an expanded operating temperature and accompanying functional adaptability. The developed system contains nonthermoresponsive main‐monomers, such as N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) or 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) or acrylamide (AAm) or 3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC). The gels volumetrically self‐oscillates within the range of the conventional (20.0 °C) and extended (27.0 and 36.5 °C) temperatures. Moreover, the gels successfully adapt to the environmental changes; they beat faster and smaller as the temperature increases. The period and amplitude are also controlled by tuning the amount of main‐monomers and N‐(3‐aminopropyl) acrylamide. Furthermore, the record amplitude in the bulk gel system consisting of polymer strand and crosslinker at 36.5 °C is achieved (≈ 10.8%). Our study shows new self‐oscillation systems composed of unprecedented combinations of materials, giving the community a robust material‐based insight for developing more life‐like autonomous biomimetic soft robots with various operating temperatures and beyond.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Heterogeneity-driven collective-motion patterns of active gels

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Anisotropically Deforming Sandwich-Type Self-Oscillating Gels: A Hierarchical Model Platform of Cardiac Tissue

Anisotropically Deforming Sandwich-Type Self-Oscillating Gels: A Hierarchical Model Platform of Cardiac Tissue

Transitions of Collective Motions Driven by Phase Resetting

Temperature‐Adaptative Self‐Oscillating Gels: Toward Autonomous Biomimetic Soft Actuators with Broad Operating Temperature Region

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