Heteroatom-Doped Sheet-Like and Hierarchical Porous Carbon Based on Natural Biomass Small Molecule Peach Gum for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Abstract

Recently, natural biomass has been widely explored as a precursor to prepare carbon materials due to its abundant, low-cost, and renewable character. Herein, a series of high-performance heteroatom-doped carbons hase been successfully produced from natural biomass small molecular peach gum for the first time. The sheet-like O-doped carbons PG-C and HTC-PG-C are synthesized by pyrolyzing peach gum (PG) and hydrothermally treated peach gum (HTC-PG), respectively. The three-dimensional hierarchical porous O-doped carbons PG-AC, HTC-PG-AC, and N/O-codoped carbon HTC-NPG-AC are prepared via KOH activation of PG, HTC-PG, and a hydrothermally treated mixture of peach gum and 1,6-hexanediamine (HTC-NPG), respectively. The PG-C, HTC-PG-C, PG-AC, HTC-PG-AC, and HTC-NPG-AC possess specific surface areas of 274.3, 374.3, 1256, 1279, and 1535 m 2 g −1 , respectively. In particular, PG-C, HTC-PG-C, PG-AC, HTC-PG-AC, and HTC-NPG-AC exhibit excellent capacitances of 199, 223, 334, 322, and 406 F g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 in 6 M KOH and high rate capabilities of 61.4%, 72.3%, 65.6%, 73.1%, and 76.2% from current densities from 1.0 to 20.0 A g −1 , respectively. Moreover, the PG-C-assembled symmetric supercapacitor displays an energy density of 9.38 W h kg −1 at a power density of 375 W kg −1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, while the HTC-PG-C-, PG-AC-, HTC-PG-AC-, and HTC-NPG-AC-assembled supercapacitors exhibit high energy densities of 14.66, 16.09, 18.04, and 22.84 W h kg −1 at 400 W kg −1 , respectively. Additionally, using 1 M Na 2 SO 4 as electrolyte, the PG-C-, HTC-PG-C-, PG-AC-, HTC-PG-AC-, and HTC-NPG-AC-assembled supercapacitors deliver outstanding energy densities of 11. 25, 16.94, 19.31, 20.83, and 25.56 W h kg −1 at 500 W kg −1 , respectively. The strategy to utilize cost-effective renewable biomass small molecule peach gum as precursor to achieve large-scale repeatable production of heteroatom-doping carbons is promising. The peach gum-based heteroatom-doped carbons are prominent electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-doped Porous Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…Among them, sustainable biomass derived carbons are individual class of materials, with the advantage of low-cost, abundant and sustainable in nature, excellent electrical conductivity and specific surface area (SSA) (Pandolfo and Hollenkamp, 2006;Jiang et al, 2013;Titirici et al, 2015;Gong et al, 2017;He et al, 2018). Number of researchers have derived carbon from different biomass sources such as Perilla frutescens (Liu et al, 2017a), Rice straw , Peanut shells (Xiao et al, 2018), Buckwheat flour (Huang et al, 2019), Peach gum (Lin et al, 2019), and Bamboo . By using KOH through chemical activation Cheng et al (2016) have prepared flexible carbon fiber aerogel from natural cotton and achieved specific capacitance of 283 F/g at 1 A/g.…”

Enhanced hetero‐elements doping content in biomass waste‐derived carbon for high performance supercapacitor

“…Unfortunately, their intrinsic poor electron conductivity will seriously affect their power performance, which runs counter to the idea of supercapacitors pursuing ultrahigh power performance. Carbon, due to their excellent electrical conductivity, structural heterogeneity and designability and their chemical inertness in strong acid, strong base, and neutral liquids is widely favored in the field of energy storage . As typical electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDCL) materials, the energy of carbon materials is dominated by the electrostatic adsorption near the interface between electrode and electrolyte .…”

Collapse‐Resistant Large‐Sized 2D Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

“…Such a suitable rigid and large-sized carbon framework allows for sufficient activity to be an effective substrate for creating ultrahigh porous structures. [40] Specifically, we can deduce the electrochemical performance will be improved significantly.…”

“…On the other hand, the porous structure produced by the sample during the carbonization process also provides a more favorable environment for the accessibility of the activator KOH, and can reduce the diffusion resistance of the entire hydraulic carbon. Such a suitable rigid and large‐sized carbon framework allows for sufficient activity to be an effective substrate for creating ultrahigh porous structures . Specifically, we can deduce the electrochemical performance will be improved significantly.…”