Enhanced hetero‐elements doping content in biomass waste‐derived carbon for high performance supercapacitor

Abstract

Summary Betel nut wastes are firstly modified with nitric acid/thiourea to fabricate hetero‐element doping carbon (C‐H‐T) for energy storage. C‐H‐T exhibits improved content of O (12.27%), N (2.52%), and S (2.88%) compared with that of purely carbonized carbon with O (9.2%) and N (1.76%). Without nitric acid heat treatment, the carbon materials prepared by hydrothermal treatment with thiourea only get increasing hetero‐elements content of O (10.46%), N (2.9%), and S (0.53%). The similar results have been obtained using urea and melamine as dopants. Due to the synergistic effects of the hetero‐elements containing functional groups, C‐H‐T get a significant enhancement in its electrochemical properties with a high capacitance (423 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) in KOH electrolyte. C‐H‐T based coin‐type symmetric supercapacitors display maximum energy density of 61.7 Wh kg−1 and considerate cycling ability with 94% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. The fabricated two‐step method can inspire the increase of hetero‐elements content in carbon materials to develop its application in energy storage.

Organic template-assisted green synthesis of CoMoO4 nanomaterials for the investigation of energy storage properties

“…The internal resistance of the CoMoO 4 electrodes is smaller than numerous fabricated metal oxide-based electrodes. [8][9][10]16,32,49 Moreover, Miroshnikov et al 79 and Fang et al 76 demonstrated outstanding capacitive behaviour by EIS analysis of organic compounds and biomass-carbon based electrodes, respectively, due to the C, H, N, and O atoms of the electrode material. Therefore, in the current study, the low internal resistance was strongly attributed to the fact that the pathways for electron transport were not only provided by Mo and Co, but also the organic stabilizing agents (C 4 H 8 O and C 8 H 19 N) of CoMoO 4 as indicated by XPS ( Fig.…”

Effect of NiO on organic framework functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for energy storage application

“…In recent times, increasing reliance on renewable energies has forced the scientists and engineers to developed efficient and cost effective storage systems for renewable energies . Supercapacitors (also known as electrochemical capacitors) have gained extensive research focus in the field of energy storage due to reasonable high power density, quick charging and discharging, safe operation, and optimum working conditions . The performance of a capacitor is critically depending on its electrode .…”

“…Supercapacitors (also known as electrochemical capacitors) have gained extensive research focus in the field of energy storage due to reasonable high power density, quick charging and discharging, safe operation, and optimum working conditions . The performance of a capacitor is critically depending on its electrode . Therefore, over recent years, the development of efficient supercapacitor electrode is the focus of attention among researcher …”

“…Results of their investigation revealed highest capacitance of 57.5 F/g. In another study by Fang et al, biomass (betel nut) waste was modified to fabricate hetero‐elements (O, N, and S) doped carbon for energy storage. They doped betel nut derived carbon with nitric acid and thio urea.…”

Nanoporous Carbon Derived from Green Material by an Ordered Activation Method and Its High Capacitance for Energy Storage

“…The HNO 3 activation process promotes some complex reactions which can increase the polarity, pores and SSA, indicating sufficient ion transmission channels and electrochemical active sites [44,45]. The KOH activation process optimizes the pore structure and increases the SSA of the biomass-derived carbon precursors by removing the non-carbon atoms, etching the surface, and generating vast pores [46][47][48]. The followed electrochemical measurements confirmed the right choice of the activation order ( Figure S1).…”