Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanoparticle–Ionic Liquid Composites as Electrochemical Sensors for Uric Acid

Abstract

We reported the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for uric acid (UA) monitoring using metal-free electrode based on heteroatoms (S, N, P, and O) doped carbon (HADC) nanoparticles, derived from polyphosphazene, synthesized via precipitation polymerization reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol (DD) under sonication irradiations at 40 °C, following its modification with benzimidazolium-1-acetate ionic liquid (BIL). The developed HADC-BIL electrode showed a highly sensitive and selective response toward UA even in the presence of highly electroactive interferences such as ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), glucose (Glu), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our results demonstrated that the as-fabricated HADC-BIL electrode allows us to detect UA over a linear range of 2–1050 μM with a detection limit of 1.27 μM. Further, we were able to monitor the amount of UA level in the blood of a gout patient using the developed HADC-BIL electrode, which ensures the effectiveness of the developed sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of UA from real samples.

Effective Poly (Cyclotriphosphazene-Co-4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol)@rGO Sheets for Tetracycline Adsorption: Fabrication, Characterization, Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics

“…The adsorbents that have been successfully used for this purpose including polymeric materials [14], montmorillonite [7], smectite clay [15], alumina [16], diatomite [8] and carbon materials [17,18]. Polyphosphazenes are an important class of organic-inorganic hybrid polymers, comprising nitrogen and phosphorus atoms in a conjugated binding owing to their backbone stability, structural diversity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to form hybrid molecules [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Poly (cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) is a copolymer of hybrid phosphazenes [28] containing an organic-inorganic structure, which makes it a promising candidate with an extensive range of potential applications, e.g., encapsulation [29], catalyst support [30], carbon material precursor [31], electrochemical features [32] and bio-medicinal applications [33].…”

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles@reduced porous graphene-modified ITO electrode for spectroelectrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

“…Furthermore, electrochemical biosensors detect the most easy-to-use, accurate, quick, and sensitive biomarkers [14] , [20] , [21] . Several nanostructures modified electrodes have been reported to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the electrochemical biosensors [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] . MWCNTs modified electrode was also used as an electrochemical sensor for detecting the ROS/H 2 O 2 in the COVID-19 samples.…”

Electrochemical Microbiosensor for Detecting COVID-19 in a Patient Sample Based on Gold Microcuboids Pattern

“…Electrochemical-based biosensors are among the most widely used, simple, accurate, prompt, and sensitive detecting assays of biomarkers without any pretreatments with a very low detection limit (LOD) [ 11 – 13 ]. Nanomaterials (e.g., gold and silver) were reported to modify the traditional electrodes to develop highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors [ 14 – 22 ].…”