Hetero-Core–Shell BiNS–Fe@Fe as a Potential Theranostic Nanoplatform for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Simultaneous Photothermal–Photodynamic and Chemodynamic Treatment

Abstract

Photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) and synergistic therapeutic strategies are often sought after, owing to their low side effects and minimal invasiveness compared to chemotherapy and surgical treatments. However, in spite of the development of the most PTT/PDT materials with good tumor-inhibitory effect, there are some disadvantages of photosensitizers and photothermal agents, such as low stability and low photonic efficiency, which greatly limit their further application. Therefore, in this study, a novel bismuth-based hetero-core–shell semiconductor nanomaterial BiNS–Fe@Fe with good photonic stability and synergistic theranostic functions was designed. On the one hand, BiNS–Fe@Fe with a high atomic number exhibits good X-ray absorption, enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) T2-weighted imaging, and strong photoacoustic imaging (PAI) signals. In addition, the hetero-core–shell provides a strong barrier to decline the recombination of electron–hole pairs, inducing the generation of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when irradiated with visible–NIR light. Meanwhile, a Fenton reaction can further increase ROS generation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, an outstanding chemodynamic therapeutic potential was determined for this material. In particular, a high photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 37.9%) is of significance and could be achieved by manipulating surface decoration with Fe, which results in tumor ablation. In summary, BiNS–Fe@Fe could achieve remarkable utilization of ROS, high photothermal conversion law, and good chemodynamic activity, which highlight the multimodal theranostic potential strategies of tumors, providing a potential viewpoint for theranostic applications of tumors.

Preparation and evaluation of bismuth sulfide and magnetite‐based theranostic nanohybrid as drug carrier and dual MRI/CT contrast agent

“…Wang et al combined iron oxide nanoparticles (T 1 ‐weighted contrast agent) with gold nanocages (as a CT contrast agent) for dual MRI/CT imaging, and the nanoparticles were injected into tumor bearing mice, where combination of both contrast effects in a single probe was reported to be efficient. [ 48 ] Our MRI results correlate satisfactorily well with Ma et al [ 49 ] and further support the concept of dual mode imaging to provide accurate diagnosis and elimination of the drawbacks of a single imaging modality. Thus, it implies magnetite/bismuth nanohybrid particles demonstrate excellent behavior as a CT contrast agent.…”

Chemodynamic Therapy via Fenton and Fenton‐Like Nanomaterials: Strategies and Recent Advances

“…To overcome the poor therapeutic effects caused by multiple pathways in the pathogenesis of cancer, many researchers have designed synergistic anticancer platforms that combine two or more therapeutic modalities with CDT. [ 160–204 ]…”

Ultrathin 2D Inorganic Ancient Pigment Decorated 3D‐Printing Scaffold Enables Photonic Hyperthermia of Osteosarcoma in NIR‐II Biowindow and Concurrently Augments Bone Regeneration

“…Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted extensive attention featuring high spatial‐temporal precision and minimal invasiveness characteristics. [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] PTT regularly depends on photothermal agents (PTAs) to produce sufficient heat irradiated by near‐infrared (NIR) light, leading to a quick localized temperature rise to 42–45 °C for a certain period to ablate cancer cells. [ 16 ] Up to now, a diversity of PTAs has been introduced into the ablation of tumors, such as organic nanoparticles, [ 17 ] noble metal nanostructures, [ 18 , 19 ] carbon‐based nanomaterials, [ 20 ] and transition metal chalcogenides.…”