Herpesvirus type 2 in biopsy of a cow with possible pseudo‐lumpy‐skin disease

Brenner, J.; Sharir, Binyamin; Yadin, Hagai; Perl, S.; Stram, Yehuda

doi:10.1136/vr.165.18.539

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, in central and northern Africa and in the Middle East, where the distribution of sheep pox, goat pox and LSD overlap, attenuated SPPV vaccines, such as KSGP O-240, Yugoslavian RM-65 and Romanian SPPV strains, have been used against LSDV (Davies, 1991;Brenner et al, 2009b;Kumar, 2011). However, incomplete protection against LSD has been reported in cattle vaccinated with all sheep pox vaccines (Ali et al, 1990;Khalafalla et al, 1993;Ayelet et al, 2013).…”

Section: Vaccination In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in these regions, it is often impossible to effectively implement movement restrictions for small and large ruminants (Kitching, 1986). Owing to the cross-immunity between the members of the CaPV (Kitching, 1983) (Davies, 1991;Brenner et al, 2009b;Kumar, 2011). However, incomplete protection against LSD has been reported in cattle vaccinated with all sheep pox vaccines (Ali et al, 1990;Khalafalla et al, 1993;Ayelet et al, 2013).…”

Section: Vaccination In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease

2015

EFSA Journal

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle characterised by severe losses, especially in naive animals. LSD is endemic in many African and Asian countries, and it is rapidly spreading throughout the Middle East, including Turkey. LSD is transmitted by mechanical vectors, but direct/indirect transmission may occur. The disease would mainly be transferred to infection-free areas by transport of infected animals and vectors. In the EU, it could only happen through illegal transport of animals. The risk for that depends on the prevalence in the country of origin and the number of animals illegally moved. Based on a model to simulate LSD spread between farms, culling animals with generalised clinical signs seems to be sufficient to contain 90 % of epidemics around the initial site of incursion, but the remaining 10 % of simulated epidemics can spread up to 400 km from the site of introduction by six months after incursion. Whole-herd culling of infected farms substantially reduces the spread of LSD virus, and the more rapidly farms are detected and culled, the greater the magnitude of the reduction is. Only live attenuated vaccines against LSD are available. Homologous vaccines are more effective than sheep pox strain vaccines. The safety of the vaccines should be improved and the development of vaccines for differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals is recommended. Epidemics are not self-limiting when effective vaccination or culling are not applied. Active surveillance, rapid detection and prompt culling of infected herds are effective measures for LSD control. The role of vectors for LSD transmission should be further investigated in both controlled environments and the field. Awareness-raising campaigns for farmers and veterinary staff to promote recognition of LSD should be considered. The cooperation of the EU with neighbouring countries should be encouraged to prevent transboundary disease spread.

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Section: Vaccination In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccination In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease

2015

EFSA Journal

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“…BoHV-2 causes primary cutaneous infections in cattle and is common worldwide [12][13][14]. The virus is responsible for two different clinical forms of skin disease, namely BHM (localized) and PLSD (systemic), although both in natural and experimental infections sometimes a clear distinction between the two forms is not possible [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 strain from an outbreak of bovine herpetic mammillitis in a dairy farm

et al. 2020

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Background: Bovine alphaherpesvirus type 2 (BoHV-2) belongs to family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesviridae and can cause two distinct, well-defined conditions: a generalized benign skin infection that somewhat mimics lumpy skin disease (LSD), referred to as Pseudo-Lumpy Skin Disease (PSLD) and a localized ulcerative mammillitis, referred to as Bovine Herpetic Mammillitis (BHM). BHM is a localized form of BoHV-2 infection that causes erosiveulcerative self-limiting lesions on breast and nipples. BHM is chiefly a disease of lactating dairy cows and has been described sporadically in several countries. In this study we describe an outbreak of bovine herpetic mammillitis caused by BoHV-2 occurred in a dairy farm in Southern Italy. Clinical signs were observed in 26/59 lactating cows with the age ranging between 2 and 6 years. The affected animals were afebrile, showed lesions on the skin of nipples, breast and ventral surface of the abdomen, near the mammary veins and spontaneously recovered within 2 months. Results: BoHV-2 DNA was detected in the crust samples by pan-herpes PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. The virus was isolated on bovine kidney cells and was characterised by deep sequencing technologies. The nucleotide identity to BoHV-2 of the strain ITA/2018/468 retrieved in this study ranged from 98.83 to 100%. Phylogenetic analyses based on three full-length gene (glycoprotein B, thymidine kinase and glycoprotein G) sequences confirmed the close relatedness of the strain ITA/2018/468 to BoHV-2 sequences. Conclusions: The report represents a significant outbreak of BHM in a dairy farm 50 years after the last description in Italy. However, outbreaks of PLSD have been described in Europe recently, indicating that the virus is present in European territories. Improving the diagnostic algorithms and enacting specific surveillance plans could be useful to understand better the epidemiological and pathogenetic patterns of BoHV-2 infection in livestock animals, and to develop, eventually, effective prophylaxis plans.

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“…The Italian scientists checked five herds in Italy with prevalences ranging from 0 to 41.6% and 317 cattle in Somalia with 95% seropositive samples (for a review, see Martin, 1990). A possible combination of bovine leucosis and BHV2 has been reported from Israel (Brenner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Bovine Herpesvirus Type 2 (Bhv2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

World Developments in Buiatrics

Straub¹

2012

Outlook Agric

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Buiatrics is the study of cattle and their diseases. This paper considers a selection of areas in which remarkable changes have occurred since the foundation of the World Association for Buiatrics in the 1960s. These areas range from surgical procedures, including for example Caesarean section and surgical correction of displaced abomasa, to the nutrition of cattle and the wide range of diseases, mainly viral, that present in them. The links between genetics and breeding, global trade and animal welfare are discussed. Examples include the shipment of cattle and sheep from Australia to Middle Eastern countries, the illegal import of 1.5 million cattle from India to Bangladesh and the ever increasing milk production of cows.

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Herpesvirus type 2 in biopsy of a cow with possible pseudo‐lumpy‐skin disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease

Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease

Isolation and characterization of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 strain from an outbreak of bovine herpetic mammillitis in a dairy farm

World Developments in Buiatrics

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