Herpesvirus Type 2: Association with Carcinoma of the Cervix

Rawls, William E.; Tompkins, W. A. F.; Figueroa, M.E.; Melnick, Joseph L.

doi:10.1126/science.161.3847.1255

Cited by 215 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…4) (Lehner, 1970a) The possible relationship between HVH1 and oral leukoplakia and carcinoma might appear to be similar to that suggested between genital infection with HVH2 and cervical carcinoma (Rawls et al, 1968;Naib et al, 1969;Aurelian, Royston and Davis, 1970 (Nahmias et al, 1970); Aurelian et al, 1970;Catalano and Johnson, 1971 A change in leukoplakia from the stage of keratosis or acanthosis to atypia may occur, although there is little doubt that leukoplakia can remain clinically unchanged for very many years and it may be assumed that the histology may also remain unchanged. Carcinomatous transformation of epithelial atypia has not been conclusively established in the mouth and though there is some evidence for this progression in cervical atypia (Jones et al, 1967;Koss, 1969) the subject is by no means settled.…”

Section: Fluorescent Antibodies To C Albicansmentioning

confidence: 72%

Cell-mediated Immunity and Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Carcinoma

Lehner¹,

Wilton²,

Shillitoe³

et al. 1973

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to Herpesvirus hominis type 1 (HVH1) and Candida albicans were studied in patients with leukoplakia, showing a histological spectrum of changes from epithelial keratosis to acanthosis and atypia, and in patients with carcinoma. The results were ranked according to increasing values of stimulation indices of lymphocyte transformation to HVH1, and the corresponding macrophage migration inhibition indices, and complement fixing antibody titres of each patient were correlated. This revealed that most patients with epithelial atypia were clustered to that end of the spectrum which had the highest stimulation and migration indices to HVH1; this relationship was not evident with C. albicans. In patients with keratosis and acanthosis there was a significant lack of correlation between lymphocyte transformation and migration inhibition to both HVH1 and C. albicans. In carcinoma the indices of lymphocyte transformation and migration inhibition to HVH1 and C. albicans were depressed. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between lymphocyte transformation and migration inhibition to HVH1, unlike the positive correlation in control subjects. Complement fixing antibodies to HVH1, HVH2, cytomegalovirus and adenovirus, and fluorescent antibodies to C. albicans failed to show a significant change in titre in any one group of subjects tested. The results suggest a cellmediated immune defect in leukoplakia, with a dissociation between lymphocyte transformation and macrophage migration inhibition to HVH1 and C. albicans in cases of keratosis or acanthosis. A specific increase in cell-mediated immunity to HVH1 in leukoplakia with epithelial atypia and the sequential changes argue in favour of a possible participation of HVHl in carcinomatous transformation of some leukoplakias.

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Section: Fluorescent Antibodies To C Albicansmentioning

confidence: 72%

Cell-mediated Immunity and Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Carcinoma

Lehner¹,

Wilton²,

Shillitoe³

et al. 1973

Br J Cancer

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“…In any event, this observation seems to have some relevance to the close relationship between HSV-2 and cervical cancer [11][12][13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the latter, a mode of venereal transmission has been implied [9]. It was further suggested that HSV-2 might be associated with uterine cervical cancer [11][12][13].The primary purpose of the present study was to determine whether and how frequently HSV-2 could be isolated from genital herpes infections, notably of females, in this country. As the criterion on which to determine the types, Hampar et al's neutralization technique using type-specific hyperimmune rabbit IgM and complement [4] was employed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Typing of Herpes Simplex Virus Strains of Genital and Nongenital Origins

Kawana

Shinkai

Yoshino

1974

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Herpes simplex virus strains isolated from genital and nongenital sites were classified into type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) by endpoint neutralization tests using IgM of rabbits hyperimmunized with either HF (HSV-1) or UW-268 (HSV-2) strain. It was found that about one-third of the genital isolates belonged to type 1, in contrast to the general concept that HSV-2 represents genital herpes strains. These HSV-1 strains, differing from HSV-2, were mostly isolates from acute herpetic lesions of female patients with constitutional symptoms. On the other hand, all nongenital isolates except one were determined to be HSV-1. There was no intermediate type equally neutralizable by both types of IgM. A majority of the HSV-2 strains produced large plaques in chick embryo (CE) cells before passage through avian cells. In contrast, all HSV-1 strains failed to produce such large CE plaques even after serial passages through avian hosts.Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be classified into two distinct types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, on the basis of antigenical analyses [2,6,8,9,15]. The correlation between the type and the site of isolation adds importance from the clinical and epidemiological viewpoints. It has been documented that HSV-1 is isolated mainly from nongenital and HSV-2 from genital lesions. For the latter, a mode of venereal transmission has been implied [9]. It was further suggested that HSV-2 might be associated with uterine cervical cancer [11][12][13].The primary purpose of the present study was to determine whether and how frequently HSV-2 could be isolated from genital herpes infections, notably of females, in this country. As the criterion on which to determine the types, Hampar et al's neutralization technique using type-specific hyperimmune rabbit IgM and complement [4] was employed.An additional purpose was to find a simple method for type determination as a substitute for the cumbersome serological procedure. The chick embryo (CE) cell plaque marker of Figueroa and Rawls [3] and Lowry et al [7] was thought suitable for this purpose, and all the isolates were tested for their ability to form plaques in CE cells. Results of these experiments are described in this communication. MATERIALS AND METHODSViruses. Specimens for virus isolation were collected in the gynecological ward of the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, and the Department of Dermatology of Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, by applying swabs to lesions, which were immediately rinsed in a maintenance medium containing appropriate concentrations of penicillin and streptomycin. The rinse was inoculated into Vero cell cultures. The maintenance medium used was Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 2% calf serum. In cases that typical cytopathic effects were noted the culture fluid was harvested and Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr.

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“…5,19 The present ongoing study at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Riyadh is a prospective seroepidemiological investigation begun in 1983 and designed primarily to (1) identify the rates of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix among Saudi women living in Riyadh; (2) investigate the role of marital, coital, and pregnancy factors in cervical abnormalities; and (3) investigate the possible role of genital herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Carcinoma in situ and Squamous Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

et al. 1988

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Historical risk factors of etiologic significance were evaluated in a seroepidemiological prospective study of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix among Saudi women in Riyadh. A total of 2,476 women were screened with Papanicolaou smears, and blood samples and cervical swabs were taken for serological study and tissue culture. The results of this investigation show that, although population-based incidence data for Saudi women are generally lacking, the rates of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix are very low among Saudis. The related data indicate that in spite of their relatively low mean age at first marriage, at onset of coitus, and at first pregnancy, and an exceptionally high pregnancy rate, the overwhelming majority of screened women had normal cytology (97.6%), while atypical squamous cells were detected in only 2.4% of the sample. Herpesvirus was isolated in 0.5% of the sample, while all these had normal cytology. The findings of this study are consistent with the results of other similar studies on the populationbased data for low-risk groups; the very low rate of cervical malignancies may be ascribed to religious teaching which strongly discourages extramarital relationships, and which also results in low rates of illegitimacy and venereal disease. MeSH KEYWORDS: Carcinoma in situ; Dysplasia, squamous cell; Uterine neoplasms-occurrence; Cervix neoplasms; Cervix dysplasia MORE THAN A century of studies and speculations has been spent on the search for epidemiologic factors of etiologic significance in the onset of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. In this search, three major evidential currents have emerged: (1) demographic resolution of increased risk of women culturally identified by social deprivation and early marriage, (2) epidemiological focus upon sexuality as the core biological association, with early coitus and multiple consorts as the specifically effective components maximizing the risk, and (3) the

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Herpesvirus Type 2: Association with Carcinoma of the Cervix

Cited by 215 publications

References 12 publications

Cell-mediated Immunity and Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Carcinoma

Cell-mediated Immunity and Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Carcinoma

Typing of Herpes Simplex Virus Strains of Genital and Nongenital Origins

Prevalence of Carcinoma in situ and Squamous Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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