Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) over-infection in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia: Impact on mortality

Sánchez-Belmonte, María José Pérez-Pedrero; Sánchez-Casado, M.; Gallego, Francisco Javier Moran; Pinilla, Roman Piza; Hernando, César Gómez; Borrachero, Irene Paredes

doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2022.04.019

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The detailed screening process is available in Figure 1. Finally, 32 articles were included in our systematic review 15,18–48 . The characteristics of included studies are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivation of herpesviruses during COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Shafiee

Athar

Amini

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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To provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis regarding the cumulative incidence (incidence proportion) of human herpesvirus (HHV) reactivation among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE up to 25 September 2022, with no language restrictions. All interventional and observational studies enrolling patients with confirmed COVID‐19 and providing data regarding HHV reactivation were included. The random‐effects model was used in the meta‐analyses. We included information from 32 studies. HHV reactivation was considered a positive polymerase chain reaction result taken at the time of COVID‐19 infection. Most of the included patients were severe COVID‐19 cases. The pooled cumulative incidence estimate was 38% (95% Confidence Intervals [CI], 28%–50%, I2 = 86%) for herpes simplex virus (HSV), 19% (95% CI, 13%–28%, I2 = 87%) for cytomegalovirus (CMV), 45% (95% CI, 28%–63%, I2 = 96%) for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), 18% (95% CI, 8%–35%) for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), 44% (95% CI, 32%–56%) for human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7), and 19% (95% CI, 14%–26%) for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8). There was no evidence of funnel plot asymmetry based on visual inspection and Egger's regression test for the results of HSV (p = 0.84), CMV (p = 0.82), and EBV (p = 0.27) reactivation. In conclusion, the identification of HHV reactivation in severe COVID‐19 patients is helpful in the management of patients as well as the prevention of complications. Further research is required to elucidate the interaction between HHVs and COVID‐19. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022321973.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivation of herpesviruses during COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Shafiee

Athar

Amini

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Our results indicate that the increased mortality may be mainly due to the significant impact of HHV-1. In previous studies, HHV-1 has been proven to be associated with increased mortality in severe COVID-19 patients ( Meyer et al., 2021 ; Giacobbe et al., 2022 ; Pérez-Pedrero Sánchez-Belmonte et al., 2023 ). These may explain why antiviral therapy according to HHV1 may benefit for mechanically ventilated patients ( Heimes et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Herpesvirus reactivation in respiratory tract is associated with increased mortality of severe pneumonia patients and their respiratory microbiome dysbiosis

Liu,

Wen,

Fang

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Severe pneumonia (SP) is a respiratory tract disease that seriously threatens human health. The herpesvirus detected in patients, especially with severe and immunodeficient diseases, is gradually attracting the attention of clinical doctors. However, little is known about the effect of herpesvirus on the prognosis of SP patients and the pulmonary microbial community. Here, we retrospectively analyzed respiratory samples from 45 SP patients detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). A total of five types of herpesviruses were detected, with Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) in 19 patients, Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) in 7 patients, Human betaherpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in 6 patients, Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) in 5 patients, and Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV) in 4 patients. Further analysis showed that the mortality of the herpesvirus-positive group was significantly higher than that of the negative group. The results also showed that HHV-1 was significantly associated with the prognosis of SP patients, while the other herpesviruses did not have a significant difference in patient mortality. A comparison of the microbial community characteristics of SP patients showed a significant difference in beta-diversity between herpesvirus-positive and negative groups. Species difference analysis showed that the herpesvirus-positive group was related to more conditional pathogens, such as Pneumocystis jirovecii and Burkholderia cepacia. In summary, our results suggest that the presence of herpesvirus is associated with the mortality of SP patients. Furthermore, enrichment of conditional pathogens in the respiratory tract of herpesvirus-positive SP patients may be a potential reason for the increased mortality.

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“…One possibility is the reactivation of previous infections with herpesviruses ( 18 , 20 , 22 ). One recent study demonstrated that reactivation of HSV-1 infection in the lower airway is highly associated with the worst prognosis and significantly increased COVID-19 mortality ( 21 ). Additionally, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies for COVID-19, while short-lived, at the high doses required in severe COVID-19 can also contribute to viral reactivation in these patients ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Antibodies between Mild and Severe COVID-19

et al. 2023

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) over-infection in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia: Impact on mortality

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Reactivation of herpesviruses during COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Reactivation of herpesviruses during COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Herpesvirus reactivation in respiratory tract is associated with increased mortality of severe pneumonia patients and their respiratory microbiome dysbiosis

Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Antibodies between Mild and Severe COVID-19

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