Heroin in the hospice: opioids and end-of-life discussions in the 1980s

Richert, Lucas

doi:10.1503/cmaj.170720

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This letter is in response to the article by Lucas Richert in CMAJ. 1 In the 1890s, diacetylmorphine was resynthesized at Bayer and then for almost 20 years, it was marketed as heroin, a safe and nonaddicting substitute for morphine. I first learned this while reading Goodman and Gilman's "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics" 2 in 1959 while I was a medical student at the University of British Columbia; this led to a repeatedly reaffirmed life-long skepticism of claims made by drug companies.…”

Section: Heroin Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heroin history

Tyers¹

2018

CMAJ

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Section: Heroin Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heroin history

Tyers¹

2018

CMAJ

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“…Poppy derivatives have been used for thousands of years, and the World Health Organization has proposed opioids as essential drugs for the treatment of acute pain, cancer pain, and palliative care 1 . Bayer resynthesized diacetylmorphine and marketed it as heroin in the nineteenth century for use in patients suffering from severe chronic pain or terminal illness 2 , 3 . However, due to diacetylmorphine's high biological toxicity and addictive nature, its abuse has caused significant social harm 4 – 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CaMKII regulates the proteins TPM1 and MYOM2 and promotes diacetylmorphine-induced abnormal cardiac rhythms

Liu

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Although opioids are necessary for the treatment of acute pain, cancer pain, and palliative care, opioid abuse is a serious threat to society. Heroin (Diacetylmorphine) is the most commonly abused opioid, and it can have a variety of effects on the body's tissues and organs, including the well-known gastrointestinal depression and respiratory depression; however, there is little known about the effects of diacetylmorphine on cardiac damage. Here, we demonstrate that diacetylmorphine induces abnormal electrocardiographic changes in rats and causes damage to cardiomyocytes in vitro by an underlying mechanism of increased autophosphorylation of CaMKII and concomitant regulation of myocardial contractile protein TPM1 and MYOM2 protein expression. The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 was first tested to rescue the toxic effects of heroin on cardiomyocytes in vitro and the abnormal ECG changes caused by heroin in SD rats, followed by the TMT relative quantitative protein technique to analyze the proteome changes. Diacetylmorphine causes increased phosphorylation at the CaMKII Thr287 site in myocardium, resulting in increased autophosphorylation of CaMKII and subsequent alterations in myocardial contractile proteins, leading to myocardial rhythm abnormalities. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the treatment and prevention of patients with arrhythmias caused by diacetylmorphine inhalation and injection.

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Ontological journeys: The lifeworld of opium across the Afghan-Iranian border in/out of the pharmacy

Ghiabi

2021

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Heroin in the hospice: opioids and end-of-life discussions in the 1980s

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Heroin history

Heroin history

CaMKII regulates the proteins TPM1 and MYOM2 and promotes diacetylmorphine-induced abnormal cardiac rhythms

Ontological journeys: The lifeworld of opium across the Afghan-Iranian border in/out of the pharmacy

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