Heroin Addicts Reporting Previous Heroin Overdoses Also Report Suicide Attempts

Brådvik, Louise; Frank, Andrew; Hulenvik, Per; Medvedeo, Alvaro; Berglund, Mats

doi:10.1521/suli.2007.37.4.475

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…39 However, some argue that accidental drug overdose has also been counted as suicide. 40 Descriptive studies in China found that drug users had lower self-esteem than the normal population. 41,42 Generally, low self-esteem has been linked to anger, aggression, poor problem-solving skills, impulsiveness, increased substance abuse, more HIV risk-taking behaviors, depression, and suicide.…”

Section: Psychological Problems Need To Emphasis Family Support and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS in China: Recommendations for Integrated Care of HIV-Infected Drug Users

Wang

et al. 2009

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Drug abuse is a complicated social phenomenon rather than a neural disease. It especially fuels the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Researchers have shown interest in HIV-infected drug users as the socially and medically marginalized population, but they did not provide good enough care. Based on published English and Chinese journal articles and official reports, this integrated literature review summarizes the epidemic of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS, and comments on the clinical and psychosocial consequences, and harm reduction measures in China. Officially registered drug users have reached more than 1 million recently. A little under half of the people living with HIV/AIDS are injection drug users, as they transmit the disease through needle sharing and unprotected sexual behavior. The main consequences of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS included high prevalence of hepatitis viruses and tuberculosis co-infections, severe mental problems and extreme poverty. Even health professionals hold discriminative attitude toward drug users because of condemnation of drug abuse behavior and fear of HIV infection. Although interventions for drug addiction and harm reduction have been scaled up quickly, such as methadone maintenance treatment and needle syringe programs, the measures should be further revised, and the effectiveness needs to be evaluated appropriately. To enhance HIV-infected drug users' quality of life and the utility of medical services, improving health care providers' attitude is the first step. Then securing good quality of integrated medical care services with multidisciplinary cooperation will be essential.

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Section: Psychological Problems Need To Emphasis Family Support and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS in China: Recommendations for Integrated Care of HIV-Infected Drug Users

Wang

et al. 2009

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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“…9,10 Psychiatric risk factors associated with OD in substance users include depression 11 and increased impulsivity. 12 Likewise, a history of a suicide attempt has also been associated with history of OD in substance users 5,13,14 although many of the studies that examined this relationship did not evaluate for differences related to the intentionality of the OD. 5,12,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Overdose in Treatment-Seeking Youth With Substance Use Disorders

Yule¹,

Carrellas²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2018

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Objective Overdoses (OD) are among the leading causes of death in youth with substance use disorders (SUDs). We aimed to identify the prevalence of OD and characteristics associated with a history of OD in youth presenting for SUD outpatient care. Methods Systematic retrospective medical record review of consecutive psychiatric and SUD evaluations for patients age 16 to 26 years at entry into an outpatient SUD treatment program for youth. Unintentional OD was defined as substance use without intention of self-harm that was associated with a significant impairment in level of consciousness. Intentional OD was defined as ingestion of a substance that was reported as a suicide attempt. T-tests, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to evaluate characteristics associated with a history of OD. Results We examined the medical records of 200 patients (157 males and 43 females) with mean age 20.2 (±) 2.8 years. At intake 58 patients (29%) had a history of OD and 62% of those patients had a history of unintentional OD only (n=36). Youth with ≥2 SUDs were 3 times more likely to have a history of OD compared to youth with 1 SUD (all p<0.05). Compared to those without a history of OD those with an OD were more likely to be female and have lifetime histories of: alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, anxiety, depressive, and/or eating disorders (all p<0.05). Conclusion High rates of OD exist in treatment-seeking youth with SUD. OD was associated with more SUD and psychiatric co-morbidity.

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“…Recent research has focused on various psychological risk factors for overdose, such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicidal behaviour (Bohnert, Roeder, & Ilgen, 2011; Bradvik, Frank, Hulenvik, Medvedeo, & Berglund, 2007; Havens et al, 2011; Pabayo, Alcantara, Kawachi, Wood, & Kerr, 2013; Tobin & Latkin, 2003b). While evidence suggests that experiences of childhood trauma are strong predictors of depression and suicide in IDU (Marshall, Galea, Wood, & Kerr, 2013; Walton et al, 2011), childhood trauma has received little attention as a risk factor for non-fatal overdose, despite being reported at a high rate within IDU and at-risk (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between childhood trauma and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs

Lake

Hayashi

Milloy

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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Introduction Although people who inject drugs (IDU) remain at a high risk of accidental overdose, interventions that address overdose remain limited. Accordingly there is a continuing need to identify psychological and social factors that shape overdose risk. Despite being reported frequently among IDU, childhood trauma has received little attention as a potential risk factor for overdose. This study aims to evaluate relationships between non-fatal overdose and five forms of childhood maltreatment among a cohort of IDU in Vancouver, Canada. Methods Data was obtained from two prospective cohorts of IDU between December 2005 and May 2013. Multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to explore relationships between five forms of childhood trauma and non-fatal overdose, adjusting for potential confounders. Results During the study period, 1697 IDU, including 552 (32.5%) women, were followed. At baseline, 1136 (67.0%) participants reported at least one form of childhood trauma, while 4–9% reported a non-fatal overdose at each semi-annual follow-up. In multivariate analyses, physical [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.71], sexual (AOR: 1.48, CI: 1.17–1.87), and emotional abuse (AOR: 1.54, CI: 1.22–1.93) and physical neglect (AOR: 1.28, CI: 1.01–1.62) were independently associated with non-fatal overdose (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Childhood trauma was common among participants, and reporting an experience of trauma was positively associated with non-fatal overdose. These findings highlight the need to provide intensive overdose prevention to trauma survivors and to incorporate screening for childhood trauma into health and social programs tailored to IDU.

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Heroin Addicts Reporting Previous Heroin Overdoses Also Report Suicide Attempts

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Consequences of Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS in China: Recommendations for Integrated Care of HIV-Infected Drug Users

Consequences of Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS in China: Recommendations for Integrated Care of HIV-Infected Drug Users

Risk Factors for Overdose in Treatment-Seeking Youth With Substance Use Disorders

Associations between childhood trauma and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs

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