Heritability of Smoking Initiation and Nicotine Dependence

Vink, Jacqueline M.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Boomsma, Dorret I.

doi:10.1007/s10519-004-1327-8

Cited by 321 publications

(260 citation statements)

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“…From previous work we know that both smoking and caffeine use are influenced moderately to strongly by genetic factors 20, 21. It could therefore be that smoking and caffeine are associated because they are influenced by the same genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between smoking and caffeine consumption in two European cohorts

et al. 2016

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AimsTo estimate associations between smoking initiation, smoking persistence and smoking heaviness and caffeine consumption in two population‐based samples from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.DesignObservational study employing data on self‐reported smoking behaviour and caffeine consumption.SettingAdults from the general population in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.ParticipantsParticipants from the Netherlands Twin Register [NTR: n = 21 939, mean age 40.8, standard deviation (SD) = 16.9, 62.6% female] and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC: n = 9086, mean age 33.2, SD = 4.7, 100% female).MeasurementsSmoking initiation (ever versus never smoking), smoking persistence (current versus former smoking), smoking heaviness (number of cigarettes smoked) and caffeine consumption in mg per day through coffee, tea, cola and energy drinks.FindingsAfter correction for age, gender (NTR), education and social class (ALSPAC), smoking initiation was associated with consuming on average 52.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 45.6–60.0; NTR] and 59.5 (95% CI = 51.8–67.2; ALSPAC) mg more caffeine per day. Smoking persistence was also associated with consuming more caffeine [+57.9 (95% CI = 45.2–70.5) and +83.2 (95% CI = 70.2–96.3) mg, respectively]. Each additional cigarette smoked per day was associated with 3.7 (95% CI = 1.9–5.5; NTR) and 8.4 (95% CI = 6.9–10.0; ALSPAC) mg higher daily caffeine consumption in current smokers. Smoking was associated positively with coffee consumption and less strongly with cola and energy drinks. For tea, associations were positive in ALSPAC and negative in NTR.ConclusionsThere appears to be a positive association between smoking and caffeine consumption in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between smoking and caffeine consumption in two European cohorts

et al. 2016

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] This may be due, at least in part, to the broadness of this phenotype which encompasses those who have only tried cigarettes once to regular heavy smokers. Once smoking is initiated, the heritability for persistence to regular smoking has been estimated at 28-84%, 12,[15][16][17][19][20][21] for number of cigarettes smoked at 45-86% [21][22][23][24][25][26] and for diagnosed ND at 31-75%. 19,21,27 A genetic influence on nicotine withdrawal symptoms and smoking cessation has also been identified with heritability estimated at 26-48 and 50-58%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once smoking is initiated, the heritability for persistence to regular smoking has been estimated at 28-84%, 12,[15][16][17][19][20][21] for number of cigarettes smoked at 45-86% [21][22][23][24][25][26] and for diagnosed ND at 31-75%. 19,21,27 A genetic influence on nicotine withdrawal symptoms and smoking cessation has also been identified with heritability estimated at 26-48 and 50-58%, respectively. [28][29][30] Taken together, these studies suggest a substantial genetic contribution to most aspects of smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that genetic risk factors for different aspects of smoking (such as initiation and persistence) only partially overlap, suggesting some genes will be specific to one smoking phenotype whereas others may influence multiple aspects of smoking. 14,17,19,31 Further, the proportion of genetic versus environmental influences on the different smoking stages vary by gender, 16,20,[32][33][34] with genetics appearing to have a larger role on initiation compared to persistence in women, whereas the opposite is observed in men. 20 While heritability studies can demonstrate a genetic influence in smoking behaviors, advances in our understanding of the human genome have allowed for the localization of specific genes involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the pharmacogenomics of cigarette smoking

Tyndale

2007

Pharmacogenomics J

102

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Cigarette smoking increases the risk of numerous health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, making smoking the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Nicotine is primarily responsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Although the majority of smokers express a desire to quit, few are successful in doing so. Twin and family studies have indicated substantial genetic contributions to smoking behaviors. One major research focus has been to elucidate the specific genes involved; this has been accomplished primarily through genome-wide linkage analyses and candidate gene association studies. Much attention has focused on genes involved in the neurotransmitter pathways for the brain reward system and genes altering nicotine metabolism. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge for genetic factors implicated in smoking behaviors, and examines how genetic variations may affect therapeutic outcomes for drugs used to assist smoking cessation.

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“…A substantial proportion (~40-75%) of smoking behaviour is influenced by genetics (Broms et al, 2006;Vink et al, 2005). CYP2A6 inactivates nicotine, the principle psychoactive compound in cigarette smoke, to cotinine (Nakajima et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in CYP2A6 and tobacco dependence throughout adolescence and in young adult smokers

Chenoweth

Sylvestre

Contreras

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Smoking is influenced by genetic factors including variation in CYP2A6 and CYP2B6, which encode nicotine-metabolizing enzymes. In early adolescence, CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolism was associated with higher dependence acquisition, but reduced cigarette consumption. Here we extend this work by examining associations of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 with tobacco dependence acquisition in a larger sample of smokers followed throughout adolescence.Methods-White participants from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens cohort that had ever inhaled (n=421) were followed frequently from age 12-18 years. Cox's proportional hazards models compared the risk of ICD-10 tobacco dependence acquisition (score 3+) for CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 metabolism groups. Early smoking experiences, as well as amount smoked at end of follow-up, was also computed. At age 24 (N=162), we assessed concordance between selfreported cigarette consumption and salivary cotinine.Results-In those who initiated inhalation during follow-up, CYP2A6 slow (vs. normal) metabolizers were at greater risk of dependence (hazards ratio (HR)=2.3; 95% CI=1.1, 4.8); CYP2B6 slow (vs. normal) metabolizers had non-significantly greater risk (HR=1.5; 95% CI=0.8, 2.6). Variation in CYP2A6 or CYP2B6 was not significantly associated with early smoking symptoms or cigarette consumption at end of follow-up. At age 24, neither gene was significantly associated with dependence status. Self-reported consumption was associated with salivary cotinine, a biomarker of tobacco exposure, acquired at age 24 (B=0.37; P<0.001). CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author ManuscriptConclusions-Our findings extend previous work indicating that slow nicotine metabolism mediated by CYP2A6, and perhaps CYP2B6, increases risk for tobacco dependence throughout adolescence.

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Heritability of Smoking Initiation and Nicotine Dependence

Cited by 321 publications

References 23 publications

Associations between smoking and caffeine consumption in two European cohorts

Associations between smoking and caffeine consumption in two European cohorts

Overview of the pharmacogenomics of cigarette smoking

Variation in CYP2A6 and tobacco dependence throughout adolescence and in young adult smokers

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