Heritability and Prevalence of Specific Fears and Phobias in Childhood

Lichtenstein, Paul; Annas, Peter

doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00680

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(79 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies focusing upon children have found significant genetic influence upon fears and specific phobias examined in terms of symptoms (42) and disorders (2,24).…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Finding gene-environment interactions for phobias

Gregory

Lau

Eley

2008

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Studies focusing upon children have found significant genetic influence upon fears and specific phobias examined in terms of symptoms (42) and disorders (2,24).…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,24). Further studies have also revealed that some of the genes influencing phobic disorders may differ between males and females.…”

Section: 1738)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding gene-environment interactions for phobias

Gregory

Lau

Eley

2008

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Na amostra que Lipsitz et al (1999) utilizaram para avaliar resposta a longo prazo ao tratamento de FE, 11% referiam duas ou mais fobias (pré-tratamento). Outros estudos também observaram um grande número de pessoas com fobias comórbidas e, alguns deles, evidenciaram ainda maior gravidade associada ao número de fobias apresentadas (Fredrikson et al, 1996;Magee et al, 1996;Curtis et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Na ausência de outros transtornos, a busca de ajuda é mais provável nos casos de fobias causadoras de maiores prejuízos funcionais, fobias múlti-plas ou ataques de pânico em contexto fóbico. Estima-se que somente 12% a 30% dos pacientes busquem ajuda profissional (Lipsitz et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fobia específica: um estudo transversal com 103 pacientes tratados em ambulatório

Terra¹,

Garcez

Noll

2007

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoObjetivos: Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a presença de fobia específica (FE) entre pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de psiquiatria. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual foi aplicado o SCID-I em 103 pacientes, para se examinar a ocorrência de fobia específica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de medidas descritivas e mediante os testes de independência baseados na estatística qui-quadrado de Pearson ou no teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Foi verificada FE em 26,2% dos pacientes. As mulheres tinham duas vezes maior chance de apresentar FE que os homens. Em 96,3% do total de fóbicos, a FE não havia sido identificada pelo psiquiatra com quem se consultavam, e esses pacientes não estavam recebendo tratamento para FE. Entre as comorbidades, o diagnóstico mais freqüente foi depressão, que apareceu em 15,6% da amostra. No total, identificamos 39 fobias, sendo 13 do tipo animal; 12 do tipo ambiente-natural; 3 do tipo sangue-injeção-ferimentos; e 11 do tipo situacional. Conclusão: A FE tem uma freqüência elevada entre pacientes ambulatoriais, sendo mais comum entre as mulheres. No entanto, na maioria das vezes, esse transtorno não é diagnosticado e assim não recebe tratamento adequado, já que o foco da atenção fica concentrado nas comorbidades. Terra, M.B. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín. 34 (2); 68-73, 2007Palavras-chave: Fobia específica, ambulatório, subtipos, ansiedade, diagnóstico. AbstractObjectives: The study was designed to investigate the presence of specific phobias (SP) among psychiatric outpatients. Methods: A transversal study was carried out in which SCID-I was applied to 103 patients to determine the occurrence of specific phobia. The data were reviewed through descriptive measures and independence tests based on Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Specific phobias were found in 26.2% of the patients. Females were twice as likely as males to present SP. In 96.3% of the phobic patients SP had not been diagnosed by their psychiatrists and thus was not being treated. The most common comorbidities among these patients was depression, which was present in 15.6% of the sample. Overall, 39 different phobias were identified: 13 of the animal type, 12 of the natural environment type, 3 of the blood-injection-injury type, and 11 of the situational type. Conclusions: SP has a high frequency among outpatients and is more common among women. Most of the times, however, this disorder is not diagnosed and thus is not properly treated, as the focus remains on the comorbidities.Terra, M.B. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín. 34 (2); 68-73, 2007

show abstract

A Longitudinal Twin Study of Fears From Middle Childhood to Early Adulthood

Kendler¹,

Gardner²,

Annas³

et al. 2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: While the nature of common fears changes over development, we do not know whether genetic effects on fear-proneness are developmentally stable or developmentally dynamic.Objective: To determine the temporal pattern of genetic and environmental effects on the level of intensity of common fears.Design: Prospective, 4-wave longitudinal twin study. Structural modeling was performed with Mx.Setting: General community. For all 3 fears, the best-fit model revealed developmentally dynamic effects and, in particular, evidence for both genetic attenuation and innovation. That is, genetic factors influencing fear intensity at age 8 to 9 years decline substantially in importance over time. Furthermore, new sets of genetic risk factors impacting fear intensity "come on line" in early adolescence, late adolescence, and early adulthood. As the twins aged, the influence of the shared environment declined and unique environment increased. No sex effects were found for situational fears while for animal and blood/injury fears, genetic factors in males and females were correlated but not identical. Shared environmental factors were both more important and more stable for animal fears than for situational or blood/injury fears.Conclusions: Genetic effects on fear are developmentally dynamic from middle childhood to young adulthood. As children age, familial-environmental influences on fears decline in importance.

show abstract

Heritability and Prevalence of Specific Fears and Phobias in Childhood

Cited by 77 publications

References 47 publications

Finding gene-environment interactions for phobias

Finding gene-environment interactions for phobias

Fobia específica: um estudo transversal com 103 pacientes tratados em ambulatório

A Longitudinal Twin Study of Fears From Middle Childhood to Early Adulthood

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About