Herbicide, fertilization, and planting density effects on intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development

Ferreira, Gabriel W.D.; Rau, Benjamin M.; Aubrey, Doug P.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118206

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Additional costs may need to be considered associated with indirect N 2 O emissions (e.g., leaching and volatilization) to fully account the environmental costs of fertilizer application (De Klein et al, 2006). These costs may substantially add up given the large amounts of N needed to sustain expedited tree growth (e.g., 100 kg N ha −1 year −1 ; Borders & Bailey, 2001; Coyle et al, 2016; Ferreira et al, 2020; Lee & Jose, 2005), but particularly since tree fertilizer‐N uptake can be less than 50% of the N input during periods of stand development (Albaugh et al, 2008; Aubrey et al, 2012; Raymond et al, 2016). In SRWCs, the impact of silvicultural activities per unit of captured C is likely more intense than traditional forestry since C accumulation in the living biomass is short‐lived and forest floor and soil C accretion are more strongly dependent upon management (Mayer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Environmental Cost Of Srwcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altogether, one can argue that N‐fixation and interspecific N cycling can only be increased until a certain extent and may be particularly limited during early stand development. Increasing N availability through N fixation during early forest development may be most critical and cost‐effective because trees respond positively to fertilization (Ferreira et al, 2020) and expedited early growth may persist throughout a rotation (Coyle et al, 2008, 2016; Subedi & Fox, 2016). However, fertilizer‐uptake efficiency is relatively low (Aubrey et al, 2012), which can generate significant N losses (Lee & Jose, 2005).…”

Section: Ecological Interactions In Mixed‐species Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A functional trait framework for integrating nitrogen‐fixing cover crops into short‐rotation woody crop systems

Ferreira

Aubrey

2023

GCB Bioenergy

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Developing approaches to simultaneously maximize short‐rotation woody crop (SRWC) productivity while minimizing footprints associated with intensive management is imperative to profitable and sustainable bioenergy production systems. Intercropping nitrogen (N)‐fixing cover crops in SRWC systems is an overlooked approach to sustainably intensify SRWC production by increasing N availability using less environmentally costly inputs. Here, we discuss how functional traits (e.g., seasonal activity, lifespan, leaf habit, soil exploration) of cover crops and SRWCs may interact through space and time influencing access to light, water, and nutrients to provide a framework for successful integration of cover crops into SRWCs. Next, we summarize the literature on intercropping forest plantations with N‐fixing cover crops to identity research gaps and outline future research needs and opportunities. And then, using empirical N demand and productivity data from SRWCs and cover crop N inputs from the literature, we illustrate how SRWC leaf habit (conifer evergreens and deciduous hardwoods) would influence successful integration of cover crops and potential N fixation. We estimate that integrating cover crops into SRWCs could supply 27% and 72% of the N demand across a 10‐year rotation for an evergreen and a deciduous hardwood, respectively. These figures suggest these integrated SRWC systems may approach a virtual minimal external N input when other biogeochemical cycles are considered. The guiding principles presented here are grounded in ecological theory and provide a framework for sustainable intensification of forest production.

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Section: Environmental Cost Of Srwcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Interactions In Mixed‐species Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional trait framework for integrating nitrogen‐fixing cover crops into short‐rotation woody crop systems

Ferreira

Aubrey

2023

GCB Bioenergy

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“…These intensive silvicultural treatments were designed to achieve high yields over a short rotation (10-12 green tons acre À1 year À1 at a rotation age of 10-12 years). These silvicultural treatments are detailed further in the report by Griffiths et al (2018) and Ferreira et al (2020Ferreira et al ( , 2021.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species makes up more than 50% of the standing pine volume in the region (Baker & Langdon, 1990; Little & Viereck, 1971) and is one of the strongest sinks of CO 2 in the continental United States (400–<700 g C m −2 year −1 ) (Novick et al, 2015). Loblolly pine responds positively to fertilization and herbicide amendments throughout its entire short rotations (Coyle et al, 2016; Ferreira et al, 2020), making it an ideal candidate for bioenergy production (Griffiths et al, 2018). These faster‐growing short‐rotation woody crops might offer greater potential as sources of bioenergy and carbon sequestration but, in doing so, also trade water for carbon (Jackson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water use in a young Pinus taeda bioenergy plantation: Effect of intensive management on stand evapotranspiration

et al. 2022

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The increasing demand for plant-derived bioenergy is projected to expand tree plantations with intensive silviculture and improved tree genetics. These silvicultural practices result in faster stand development and canopy closure, which may also influence the systems' water dynamics. Here, we studied the evapotranspiration (ET) of a young (5 years old) intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stand and investigated the components of ET to determine its contribution to overall water use. We also compared ET with plantations that received less intensive management to determine whether our stand used more water. We used the eddy covariance method to estimate ecosystem-level total ET (ET EC ), while plot-level estimates of ET (ET P ) were obtained via soil lysimeters, sap flow sensors, and throughfall collectors, enabling measurement of the components of ET. Soil evaporation (Es) was the largest component of ET P (36%) over the course of the study, while transpiration and canopy interception accounted for 27% and 22%, respectively. Es decreased with stand development, while transpiration and canopy interception increased. Leaf area index (LAI) and precipitation were the most significant factors controlling ET and its components. Compared to previous studies in different sites that have similar age but lower LAI, our stand had higher water use. This high water use in the early stages of stand development was primarily due to high Es before the canopy was fully developed. While there are potential sources of uncertainty when comparing ET EC and the component fluxes in ET P , results from the two methods were not significantly different. This study had the advantage of using multiple methods to understand and verify the component processes that contribute to ET. Therefore, we recommend that multiple measurement techniques be used in the long-term observation of ET, and in particular for the evaluation of the impact that intensively managed forests have on water resources in the southeastern United States.

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“…Since soil fertility is generally lower in pine plantations throughout the southern US, thus, fertilization and thinning practices can significantly increase loblolly pine production (Allen et al 2005;Coyle et al 2016;Kline and Coleman 2010;Martin and Jokela 2004). Studies have also shown that multiple herbicide and fertilizer applications with proper planting density can improve productivity in loblolly pine plantations (Ferreira et al 2020;Jokela et al 2004Jokela et al , 2010.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Aversion and Timber Harvest Strategies: A Case Study of Nonindustrial Private Forest Management in Louisiana

Wang

Adusumilli

Blazier

et al. 2022

Small-scale Forestry

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Forest owners face many challenges regarding forest management due to the long period from planting to harvest. Along with the economic and environmental factors that influence management actions, the owners' attitude to risk plays a crucial role in forest management decisions. This study shows that understanding the effects of the owner's risk preference for management actions is an important step to form an effective forest policy. The objectives of the study are to (1) assess the economic advantage of forest management alternatives over a range of risk aversion coefficients and (2) determine the financial incentive (risk premium) corresponding to a forest owners' risk attitude. We implemented the stochastic efficiency with respect to a function framework to evaluate a set of fertilization, herbicide, and thinning management alternatives at mid-rotation loblolly pine plantations in Louisiana. Results from this study indicate that forest owner's risk preference affects their decision to select management actions. Financial incentives are substantially different for specific management alternatives between risk-neutral and risk-averse forest owners. The results can guide forest policy development where agencies can modify financial assistance programs to improve the adoption of management actions.

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Herbicide, fertilization, and planting density effects on intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development

Cited by 17 publications

References 74 publications

A functional trait framework for integrating nitrogen‐fixing cover crops into short‐rotation woody crop systems

A functional trait framework for integrating nitrogen‐fixing cover crops into short‐rotation woody crop systems

Water use in a young Pinus taeda bioenergy plantation: Effect of intensive management on stand evapotranspiration

Risk Aversion and Timber Harvest Strategies: A Case Study of Nonindustrial Private Forest Management in Louisiana

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