Herb Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery System: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications for Immunotherapy

Cao, Yubiao; Chen, Zhuowen; Sun, Liangliang; Lin, Yameng; Yang, Ye; Cui, Xiuming; Wang, Chengxiao

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14081703

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…Studies indicate that APS injections induce a significant elevation of MHC-I and MHC-II co-stimulatory molecules in splenic DC subgroups in C57BL/6 mice [26]. APS enhanced DC maturation by stimulating the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12) [27] and amplifying the surface expression of CD40, CD80, and HLA-DR in these cells [47]. APS intensified the immune response by enhancing the pDC pathway [28].…”

Section: Activation and Regulation Of Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy

He,

Liu,

Qin

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.

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Section: Activation and Regulation Of Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy

He,

Liu,

Qin

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Lycium barbarum polysaccharides extracted from the medicinal herb Lycium barbarum were demonstrated to enhance DC activation, infiltration and antigen presentation resulting in a pronounced immune response [ 153 ]. Several herbal polysaccharides have been investigated for their ability to activate immune response both in the free state, as well as in the encapsulated form [ 154 ]. Though the preliminary studies on these molecules and formulations show promise for cancer immunotherapy, there are concerns about their toxicity that need to be addressed through systematic studies [ 151 ].…”

Section: Recent Developments In Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Trends in Nano-Driven Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer

2023

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Despite advancements in the development of anticancer medications and therapies, cancer still has the greatest fatality rate due to a dismal prognosis. Traditional cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. The conventional treatments have a number of shortcomings, such as a lack of selectivity, non-specific cytotoxicity, suboptimal drug delivery to tumour locations, and multi-drug resistance, which results in a less potent/ineffective therapeutic outcome. Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging and promising strategy to elicit a pronounced immune response against cancer. Immunotherapy stimulates the immune system with cancer-specific antigens or immune checkpoint inhibitors to overcome the immune suppressive tumour microenvironment and kill the cancer cells. However, delivery of the antigen or immune checkpoint inhibitors and activation of the immune response need to circumvent the issues pertaining to short lifetimes and effect times, as well as adverse effects associated with off-targeting, suboptimal, or hyperactivation of the immune system. Additional challenges posed by the tumour suppressive microenvironment are less tumour immunogenicity and the inhibition of effector T cells. The evolution of nanotechnology in recent years has paved the way for improving treatment efficacy by facilitating site-specific and sustained delivery of the therapeutic moiety to elicit a robust immune response. The amenability of nanoparticles towards surface functionalization and tuneable physicochemical properties, size, shape, and surfaces charge have been successfully harnessed for immunotherapy, as well as combination therapy, against cancer. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements made in choosing different nanomaterial combinations and their modifications made to enable their interaction with different molecular and cellular targets for efficient immunotherapy. This review also highlights recent trends in immunotherapy strategies to be used independently, as well as in combination, for the destruction of cancer cells, as well as prevent metastasis and recurrence.

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“…The roles of polysaccharides in regulating immunity and protecting intestinal health have received much attention in recent years. 3,4 In particular, polysaccharides in several natural products have been shown to prevent intestinal mucosal damage induced by CTX. 3 Gastrodia elata (GE) is a perennial, achlorophyllous orchid plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies and drugs is critical to alleviate the side effects of CTX. The roles of polysaccharides in regulating immunity and protecting intestinal health have received much attention in recent years 3,4 . In particular, polysaccharides in several natural products have been shown to prevent intestinal mucosal damage induced by CTX 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata on the immunomodulatory activity and gut microbiota regulation in cyclophosphamide‐treated mice

Wang

Wen

et al. 2023

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases. However, it can cause immunosuppression and damage the intestinal mucosa. The development of new agents to counteract these side effects is becoming increasingly important. Previous studies have shown that the polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata (GEPs) have strong immune‐enhancing effects; however, their functions regarding the intestines and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, the effects of GEPs on immunomodulatory activity, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota regulation were investigated in a mouse model of CTX‐induced immunosuppression. RESULTS Gastrodia elata polysaccharides attenuated the CTX‐induced decrease in organ indices of the thymus and spleen, and promoted the secretion of immune‐related cytokines and immunoglobulins in the serum. They also improved the intestinal pathology and restored the intestinal barrier function by elevating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO‐1. Moreover, GEPs restored the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota and increased the short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the colon. The abundance of SCFA‐producing bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Bacteroidaceae) also increased. CONCLUSIONS Gastrodia elata polysaccharides can effectively alleviate immunosuppression and regulate the intestinal barrier integrity and the structure of gut microbiota in CTX‐treated mice. They may be used as ingredients to develop functional foods for intestinal health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Herb Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery System: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications for Immunotherapy

Cited by 10 publications

References 255 publications

Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy

Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy

Emerging Trends in Nano-Driven Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer

Effects of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata on the immunomodulatory activity and gut microbiota regulation in cyclophosphamide‐treated mice

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