Hepatoprotective Effects of Nicotiflorin from Nymphaea candida against Concanavalin A-Induced and D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Abstract

Nymphaea candida was used to treat hepatitis in Ugyhur medicine, and nicotiflorin (kaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside) is the main characteristic component in this plant. In this study, The the hepatoprotective activities of nicotiflorin from N. candida were investigated by Concanavalin A (Con A, 20 mg/kg bw)-and D-Galactosamine (D-GalN, 800 mg/kg bw)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Pretreatment with nicotiflorin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg bw/day, p.o.) for ten days significantly reduced the impact of Con A toxicity (20 mg/kg bw) on the serum markers of liver injury, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The hepatic anti-oxidant parameters (malondialdehyde, MDA; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione, GSH; and nitric oxide, NO) in mice with nicotiflorin treatment were significantly antagonized for the pro-oxidant effects of Con A. Moreover, pretreatment with nicotiflorin (100 mg/kg bw) significantly decreased Con A-induced elevation in the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (p < 0.05). A protective effect was reconfirmed against D-GalN-induced chemical liver injury, elevated serum enzymatic and cytokines levels were significantly decreased by nicotiflorin, and liver homogenate antioxidant indicators were significantly restored toward normal levels. Both histopathological studies also supported the protective effects of nicotiflorin. Therefore, the presented results suggest that nicotiflorin is the potent hepatoprotective agent that could protect the liver against acute immunological and chemical injury; this ability might be attributed to its antioxidant and immunoregulation potential.

Toxicological evaluation and anti-inflammatory potential of an ethanolic extract from Bromelia balansae (Bromeliaceae) fruit

“…Kaempferol-3-O-a-lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-b-d-glucopyranoside could be also found as nicotiflorin (more currently used name), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, nicotifloroside, kaempferol-3-O-beta-rutinoside, 3-rutinosylkaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-rutinose, kaempferol 3-O-beta-rutinoside. Nicotiflorin has inhibition of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ and hepatoprotective effect induced by Concanavalin A-Induced and D-Galactosamine-Induced liver injury in mice (Zhao et al, 2017), antiglycation (Lal Shyaula et al, 2012), protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway (Hu et al, 2017), protection against memory dysfunction, energy metabolism failure and oxidative stress (Huang et al, 2007), neuroprotection in permanent focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures acting in nitric oxide pathway (Li et al, 2006a(Li et al, , 2006b). Another compound found in EEBB is Lespedin or lespenephryl (kaempferol 3,7-di-O-a-l-rhamnopyranoside) that is widely investigated for renal problems (Ullrich, 1958;Zywiol, 1960;Kiczak and Wichert, 1964;Czekalski, 1969;Gau, 1969;Gessler, 1971;Graben and Bock, 1973) but no mechanism of action was described.…”

Taraxasterol from Taraxacum prevents concanavalin A-induced acute hepatic injury in mice via modulating TLRs/NF-κB and Bax/Bc1-2 signalling pathways

“…MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation and an indicator representing oxidative damage of tissues. It can indirectly reflect the metabolism of oxygen free radicals and the severity of free radicals attack on the liver [23]. When the liver is stimulated by Con A, lipid peroxidation occurs, and the production of MDA increases with the increase of oxygen free radicals.…”

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Quantitation of Six Flavonoids in Flos Sophorae Immaturus and Antioxidant Activity

“…Researches have shown that flavonoids from FSI have many potential physiological activities, such as brain protection [2,3], cardiovascular protection [4], liver protection [5], anti-cancer [6], anti-platelet aggregation [7], anti-inflammatory [8,9], anti-allergy [10], and anti-oxidation [11]. With the in-depth study of the ingredients of flavonoids from FSI, it has been found that FSI contains rutin (RU), narcissoside (NA), nicotiflorin (NI), kaempferol (KA), quercetin (QU), isorhamnetin (IS), and genistein, which have their own pharmacological effects [12][13][14]. Therefore, it is very necessary to optimize the extraction procedure of flavonoids from FSI, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids was carried out.…”