Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities of silymarin against mayaro virus infection

Ferraz, Ariane Coelho; Almeida, Letícia Trindade; Caetano, Camila Carla da Silva; Menegatto, Marília Bueno da Silva; Lima, Rafaela Lameira Souza; Senna, Joao Pinto Nelson de; Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira; Perucci, Luíza Oliveira; Talvani, André; Lima, Wanderson Geraldo de; Silva, Breno de Mello; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Magalhães, José Carlos de; Magalhães, Cíntia Lopes de Brito

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105168

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This compound acted directly in MAYV particles and not on host cells as their treatment before infection did not show any antiviral effect. Interestingly, experiments with dialyzed virus suggested an irreversible inhibition of viral infectivity upon PACs treatment, thus suggesting a strong interaction between PACs and viral envelope or physical damage of the virion [ 264 ].…”

Section: The Broad-spectrum Antiviral Activity Of A-type Pacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins

2022

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A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections.

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Section: The Broad-spectrum Antiviral Activity Of A-type Pacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins

2022

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“…Viral infection is often accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly [20,21]. Regarding the spleen/body weight and liver/body weight index, neither the spleen/body weight nor the liver/body weight was signi cantly different between control and DHA-fed mice on day 3 postinfection, but liver/body weight was signi cantly lower and spleen/body weight was decreased in DHA-fed mice compared with control mice on day 7 postinfection (Fig.…”

Section: Dha Supplementation Inhibited the Early But Not Later Response To MCMV Infectionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Represses the Early Immune Response Against Murine Cytomegalovirus but Enhances NK Cell Effector Function

Wu¹,

Wang²,

Peng³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation is beneficial for several chronic diseases; however, its effect on immune regulation is still debated. Given the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and because natural killer (NK) cells are the component of innate immunity critical for controlling CMV infection, the current study explored the effect of a DHA-enriched diet on susceptibility and the NK cell effector response to murine (M) CMV infection. Results Male C57BL/6 mice fed a control or DHA-enriched diet for 3 weeks were infected with MCMV and sacrificed at the indicated time points postinfection. Compared with control mice, DHA-fed mice had higher liver and spleen viral loads on day 7 postinfection, but final MCMV clearance was not affected. The ratio and total numbers of NK cells and their terminal mature cell subset (KLRG1+ and Ly49H+ NK cells) were reduced compared with those in control mice on day 7 but not day 21 postinfection. DHA feeding resulted in higher IFN-γ and granzyme B expression in splenic NK cells on day 7 postinfection. A mechanistic analysis showed that the splenic NK cells of DHA-fed mice showed enhanced glucose uptake, increased CD71 and CD98 expression, and higher mitochondrial mass and activity than those of control mice. In addition, DHA-fed mice showed reductions in the total numbers and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions These results suggest that DHA supplementation represses the early response to CMV infection but preserves NK cell effector functions by improving mitochondrial activity, which may play critical roles in subsequent MCMV clearance.

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“…The identification and quantification of silymarin compounds (flavonolignans and taxifolin) were made according to the procedure described in our previous work [17]. Finally, oil and silymarin yield (kg ha −1 ) was calculated according to Equations ( 1) and (2).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Analysis: Oil and Silymarinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a well-known source of silymarin, which has anticancer [1], hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory [2], anti-collagenase [3], immunomodulatory [4], and neuroprotective properties [5]. Due to its pharmaceutical properties, this species is an important medicinal plant and it is cultivated in many European countries such as Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Two Varieties and Fertilization Regimes on Growth, Fruit, and Silymarin Yield of Milk Thistle Crop

et al. 2022

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Milk thistle is an alternative crop to winter cereals for southern Europe as this species is drought tolerant and its fruits contain silymarin. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two varieties and fertilization regimes (sheep manure and inorganic fertilizer) on crop productivity. A two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized split-plot design with three replicates. The varieties were Palaionterveno and Spata, while the fertilization treatments were control, sheep manure, and calcium ammonium nitrate applied at 75 and 125 kg N ha−1. Variety and fertilization significantly affected plants development and productivity, as well as oil and silymarin yield. The use of manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer increased rosette diameter, oil and silymarin yield, above-ground biomass, and fruit yield. The influence of inorganic fertilization, regardless of the application dose, was more apparent than organic fertilization. Moreover, variety significantly affected plants growth and silymarin content, as well as silymarin composition. The variety Spata had the greatest silymarin content, reaching 4.40%, and a high silybin B concentration. In conclusion, the selection of a suitable variety is important for achieving high fruit and silymarin yields, while inorganic nitrogen fertilization can maximize the productivity of the milk thistle crop.

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Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities of silymarin against mayaro virus infection

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins

Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins

Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Represses the Early Immune Response Against Murine Cytomegalovirus but Enhances NK Cell Effector Function

Effects of Two Varieties and Fertilization Regimes on Growth, Fruit, and Silymarin Yield of Milk Thistle Crop

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