Hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of resveratrol: A focus on anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative activities

Abstract

Being the most essential organ in the body, the liver performs critical functions. Hepatic disorders, such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure, have an impact on the biochemical and physiological functions of the body. The main representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, resveratrol (RES), exhibits suitable pharmacological activities for treating various liver diseases, such as fatty hepatitis, liver steatosis, liver cancer, and liver fibrosis. According to various studies, grapes and red wine are good sources of RES. RES has various health properties; it is antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, and hepatoprotective against several hepatic diseases and hepatoxicity. Therefore, we performed a thorough research and created a summary of the distinct targets of RES in various stages of liver diseases. We concluded that RES inhibited liver inflammation essentially by causing a significant decrease in the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It also inhibits the transcription factor nuclear NF-κB that brings about the inflammatory cascade. RES also inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to induce apoptosis. Additionally, it reduces oxidative stress in hepatic tissue by markedly reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents and significantly increasing the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH), in addition to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase

A Review of Potential Hepatoprotective Compounds from Medicinal Plants

“…In order to achieve these effects, SIRT1 and AMPK signaling pathways seem to be activated, and the NF-kB pathway appears to be inhibited [80]. RES regulate the inflammatory mediated pathways and also control liver fibrosis [81]. A number of scientific studies have demonstrated that polyphenols are powerful antioxidants.…”

Protective role of resveratrol against VCM-induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats

“…As well as protecting cells from oxidative stress, resveratrol also promotes the expression of antioxidative enzymes and their substrates ( Miguel et al, 2021 ; Santos et al, 2021 ). Recently, it has been suggested that resveratrol has hepatoprotection properties through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects ( Chupradit et al, 2022 ; Ma et al, 2022 ; Tong et al, 2022 ). It has also been reported that resveratrol attenuates acetaminophen toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine and facilitates liver regeneration by modulating the silent mating type information regulation two homolog (SIRT1), tumor protein P53, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) ( Sener et al, 2006 ; Wang et al, 2015 ).…”

Inhibition of plasminogen suppresses fibrosis and macrophage foaming in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model

“…It is known that macrophage foaming leads to the release of many cytokines and is involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The representative cytokines whose expression is increased by macrophage foaming include interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), which are closely related to the pathogenesis of NASH [6]. In patients with NASH, the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β was shown to co‐localize with the macrophage foam lesions that were identified in the portal vein [7].…”