Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of Artichoke Leaf Extract and Rosemary Extract against Paracetamol Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats

Abstract

Background: Paracetamol overdose is a predominant cause of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in both humans and experimental animals. There is an emerging focus on plant products to find a highly effective and reliable drug for the prevention of paracetamol –induced toxicity.
 Objective: In this study, we investigated the Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaf extract and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract against paracetamol Induced toxicity in Albino Rats.
 Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: Negative control, paracetamol (1000 mg/kg dose) PCT, artichoke leaf extract “ALE” (1.5 g/kg, orally + paracetamol for 30 d), rosemary extract “RE” (125 mg/kg + paracetamol for 30 days) and the last group was treated with PCT+ ALE+ RE for 30 days.
 Results: Paracetamol caused marked liver damage as noted by significant increased activities of serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Paracetamol also raised serum levels of urea, creatinine, and Cystatin-C. In addition, there was a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin. Paracetamol caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation paralleled with significant decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activities of glutathione-S- transferase (GST), glutathione (GPX) peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and kidney. These results are confirmed in the histological examination of the liver and kidney.
 Conclusion: Treatment with artichoke leaf extract (ALE) and rosemary extract (RE) produced a potential protection of the liver and kidney against biochemical and histological alterations and oxidative stress induced by paracetamol.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Shoots Tincture in Rats with Experimentally Induced Hepatotoxicity

“…Hepatoprotective activity is amongst the biological activities that is reported for R. officinalis extracts in a model of azathioprine-induced toxicity in rats [15], acetaminopheninduced liver damage [16,17], gentamicin-treated rats [18], hepatic damage induced by hypotermic-ischemia in rats [19] and alcoholic liver disease [20], being assigned to the essential oil composition [21] and to its composition in polyphenols [17][18][19], among which rosmarinic acid is the most representative [16]. Nevertheless, this biological activity is less documented and, to the best of our knowledge, there is no clear evidence on the compounds that are responsible for this activity.…”

Protective Potential of Canthium dicoccum Methanolic Extract Against Hepatic Injury in Rats

“…In few cases, the diseased process is basically to the liver. Liver damage is always linked with necrosis of cells, rise in lipid peroxidation of tissue, and decrease in the GSH levels of tissues 3 . Along this levels of various biochemical markers in serum like AST, ALT ALP, triglycerides, cholesterol, bilirubin, are elevated.…”