Hepatoprotective and antiapoptotic role of aged black garlic against hepatotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anticancer drug utilized for treatment of many types of cancer. CP causes many side effects such as hepatotoxicity and mutagenicity. Garlic has long been used as a spice and food additive and is considered as one of the important medicinal plants. Garlic had medicinal importance as it has hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic properties. The purpose of the presented study is to investigate the protective role of aged black garlic against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity and apoptosis. The present work was carried out by routine histological H&E stain, histochemical Feulgen stain for DNA, immunohistochemical stain Bcl-2 as apoptotic marker, comet assay, serum biochemical analysis for liver function markers (ALT, AST, albumin, and bilirubin), and hepatic oxidative stress markers (MDA, CAT, SOD, and GPx). Results: Cyclophosphamide induced histological alteration as fatty degeneration, blood venous congestion, pyknosis, necrosis, and vaculations. CP caused a decrease of DNA content, an increase of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity, and increase of DNA damage. Biochemical investigations showed that CP induced significant elevation of ALT, AST, bilirubin, and hepatic MDA. Moreover, CP induced reduction of albumin and hepatic SOD, CAT, and GPx values. Aged black garlic induced significant improvement of alterations induced by CP, when compared with CP-treated group. Conclusion: Aged black garlic succeeded in protecting the liver from apoptosis and pathological alterations induced by CP.

Contribution of garlic for improving the cytoprotective effect of mesna against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rats

“…The obtained results approved the cytoprotective effect of mesna and/ or garlic against CYP toxicity that evidenced by improvement of the altered hematological, biochemical and histopathological findings with marked improvement in rats administrated a combination of mesa and garlic. In agreement with our findings, previous studies reported the protective effect of mesna [40] and garlic [41,42] against CYP toxicity.…”

Sunkist Peel Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

“…Sathiyabama et al (2018) reported that Sunkist peels extract dosage of 50 mg and 100 mg/ kg BW significantly reduced fasting blood glucose than the control group which received placebo after 28 days of interventions [30]. Ahmed (2018) reported that administration of orange peel extract showed a protective effect against the kidneys through significant improvements in kidney function test. In addition, the administration of this extract also counter oxidative stress effects by evaluation of some antioxidant effect such as glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and GSH peroxidase [31].…”

“…Ahmed (2018) reported that administration of orange peel extract showed a protective effect against the kidneys through significant improvements in kidney function test. In addition, the administration of this extract also counter oxidative stress effects by evaluation of some antioxidant effect such as glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and GSH peroxidase [31].…”

The beneficial effect of a phytonutrient-rich product against cadmium chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity

“…Trevo was hepatoprotective activity against Cd-induced poisoning as observed in the low serum concentration of ALT and AST, and increased albumin concentration. The increased concentration of ALT and AST is due to damage to the hepatic membrane by Cd, causing increased permeability of the enzymes to the blood, while the decrease in ALB can be due to the possibility of Cd binding to albumin as it was reported to have an affinity for some proteins [39][40][41][42]. Thus, pretreatment with trevo prevented the binding of Cd to albumin and the leakage of the enzymes from the hepatocytes.…”