2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2010.02134.x
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Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic collateral arterial supply

Abstract: Haepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy, representing the fifth most common cancer in the world. Without treatment, the median survival of HCC patients has been reported to be 8 weeks from symptomatic presentation. Transarterial chemoembolisation is widely used to manage unresectable HCCs. However, when a tumour is large or locates near the liver capsule, it may receive supplies from vessels other than hepatic arteries. In this paper, we discuss the anatomy of possible extra… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(35 citation statements)
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References 13 publications
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“…[7][8][9][10][11]14] Large tumors are usually fed by multiple feeding arteries-not only hepatic arterial branches but also extrahepatic collaterals and this makes the procedure more laborious and technically difficult for achieving complete necrosis of the large tumors by TACE. [10,11] The prevalence of ECS at the initial chemoembolization session in a tumor less than 4 cm in diameter is less than 3% and this increases to 63% when the tumor is larger than 6 cm in diameter.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…[7][8][9][10][11]14] Large tumors are usually fed by multiple feeding arteries-not only hepatic arterial branches but also extrahepatic collaterals and this makes the procedure more laborious and technically difficult for achieving complete necrosis of the large tumors by TACE. [10,11] The prevalence of ECS at the initial chemoembolization session in a tumor less than 4 cm in diameter is less than 3% and this increases to 63% when the tumor is larger than 6 cm in diameter.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, certain HCCs are prone to develop additional extrahepatic collateral arterial supply (ECS) depending on various factors like their location and size. [7][8][9][10][11] Such a situation may lead to the need of performing additional chemoembolization through the ECS in order to achieve complete local tumor response. This study aims to highlight this important aspect for effective management of HCC by TACE and to identify these difficult cases for effective tumor control.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…This treatment modality consists of radiation, delivered to the tumor mass through the hepatic artery or via extrahepatic collateral arteries [73]. New combinations of transarterial radiotherapy with TKIs are evolving because the latter may promote angiogenesis, and sorafenib has been shown to moderate angiogenesis and resultant metastases.…”
Section: Transarterial Radiotherapymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, exophytic HCC at the inferior tip of the liver (segments V and VI) may receive an EHC arterial supply from the superior mesenteric artery through its terminal branches (Fig 17). The prevalence of a parasitic supply to HCC from the superior mesenteric artery is reported to range from 0.7% to 1.5% (21,35).…”
Section: Superior Mesenteric Arterymentioning
confidence: 99%