“…These unrelated viruses belong to two different viral families, exhibit strong hepatotropism but their molecular mechanism in HCC is not known clearly. HBV is a DNA virus belonging to the hepadnaviridae family [13], consisting of a relaxed circular DNA genome that is enclosed by the enveloping proteins [14] whereas HCV is a member of the flaviviridae family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses [15]. Some researchers have found the viral encoded proteins are accountable for altering the cellular phenotype and the host gene expression which is the hallmark of cancer [16].…”