Antioxidant Role of Kaempferol in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Keywords: free radicals; oxidative stress; hepatocellular carcinoma; anti-oxidants; kaempferol

Kaempferol has potential anti‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) targets based on bioinformatics analyses and pharmacological effects on endotoxin‐induced cytokine storm

“…Additionally, kaempferol has anticancer properties against various human cancers, including bladder cancer (Fouzder, Mukhuty, & Kundu, 2021; Xia et al, 2021); it also exhibited an anti‐osteoporotic property (Patel & Targets, 2021) and played an essential role in treating diabetes (Luo et al, 2021). Kaempferol could protect the liver against alcohol‐induced injury by attenuating the activity and expression of cytochrome 2E1.15 (Bin Mowyna & AlFaris, 2021; Sharma, Biswas, Al‐Dayan, Alhegaili, & Sarwat, 2021), and improved liver fibrosis (Rajendran et al, 2021; Sharma, Biswas, Al Dayan, & Sarwat, 2021). Moreover, kaempferol could inhibit hemolysis by mediating intracellular antioxidant enzymes and platelet aggregation (Alvarez‐Suarez et al, 2012; Małecka, Skoczyńska, Goodman, Hartinger, & Budzisz, 2021; Maneesai et al, 2021).…”

Antioxidant Properties and Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationship of Allium Species Leaves

“…Farkas et al reported that kaempferol has antioxidant activity in inhibiting heat-induced oxidation in a β-carotene-linoleic acid-model-system (65.3%) [ 128 ]. In testing using the DPPH radical scavenging activity method, kaempferol has an IC 50 value 28.05 ± 0.28 µM and 1.3 ± 0.08 mM in tests using the TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity) [ 129 , 130 ].…”

“…The strength of antioxidant activity depends on the number of hydroxyl groups possessed, such as quercetin, which will provide stronger activity than naringenin and apigenin with three hydroxyl groups [ 116 , 117 , 121 ]. This is indicated by the value of IC 50 that is smaller and TEAC values that are larger compared to the two compounds with each IC 50 (10.89 ± 0.03; >1000; 463.40 ± 22.28 µM) and TEAC (4.7, 1.53, 1.45 mM) [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. At the same time, the formation of a resonance-stabilized quinone structure due to the hydroxyl group adjacent to the ring C [ 125 ].…”