Hepatitis E virus infection and rejection in kidney transplant recipients

Wasuwanich, Paul; Sirisreetreerux, Pokket; Ingviya, Thammasin; Kraus, Edward S.; Brennan, Daniel C.; Sue, Paul K.; Jackson, Annette M.; Oshima, Kiyoko; Philosophe, Benjamin; Montgomery, Robert A.; Karnsakul, Wikrom

doi:10.1016/j.trim.2021.101517

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…HEV infection is often associated with chronicity, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in kidney transplants [ 34 ], or allograft rejection [ 35 ]. The pooled HEV seroprevalence in kidney recipient patients worldwide has been estimated to be 15.3% [ 36 ], with the highest value of 40% reported in French recipients [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Golkocheva-Markova

Ismailova

Kevorkyan

et al. 2023

Life

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The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Bulgarian population remains underestimated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age and gender trends in HEV prevalence in the heterogeneous Bulgarian population. Stored serum samples from blood donors and different patient sub-populations—kidney recipients (KR), patients with Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), Lyme disease (LD), patients with liver involvement and a clinical diagnosis other than viral hepatitis A and E (non-AE), hemodialysis (HD) and HIV-positive patients (HIV)—were retrospectively investigated for markers of past and recent/ongoing HEV infection. The estimated overall seroprevalence of past infection was 10.6%, ranging from 5.9% to 24.5% for the sub-populations evaluated, while the seroprevalence of recent/ongoing HEV infection was 7.5%, ranging from 2.1% to 20.4%. The analysis of the individual sub-populations showed a different prevalence with respect to sex. In regard to age, the cohort effect was preserved, as a multimodal pattern was observed only for the GBS sub-population. Molecular analysis revealed HEV 3f and 3e. The type of the population is one of the main factors on which the anti-HEV prevalence depends, highlighting the need for the development of guidelines related to the detection and diagnosis of HEV infection with regard to specific patient populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Golkocheva-Markova

Ismailova

Kevorkyan

et al. 2023

Life

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“… 22 , 23 One explanation could be the longer durations of HEV viremia and the less effective HEV clearance in immunocompromised patients. 5 , 24 …”

Section: Hev In Solid Organ Transplant (Sot) Recipientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23 One explanation could be the longer durations of HEV viremia and the less effective HEV clearance in immunocompromised patients. 5,24 Chronic HEV infection in SOT recipients was defined as HEV replication (viremia) -HEV ribonucleic acid detectable in plasma, for more than 3 months after the onset of infection. 5,25 Furthermore, spontaneous clearance of HEV infection in transplant recipients could occur 3 months after the first detection of HEV viremia.…”

Section: Hev In Solid Organ Transplant (Sot) Recipientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Alexandrova,

Tsachev,

Kirov

et al. 2024

IDR

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to Hepeviridae family. HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are estimated 20 million HEV infections worldwide every year, leading to estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases of HEV infection. The WHO estimates that HEV infection caused approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015, which represents 3.3% of mortality rates due to viral hepatitis. In low-income (LI) countries and lower-middle-income (LMI) countries, HEV is a waterborne infection induced by HEV genotype (gt) 1 and HEV gt 2 that cause large outbreaks and affect young individuals with a high mortality rate in pregnant women from South Asian countries and patients with liver diseases. HEV gt 3, HEV gt 4, and HEV gt 7 are responsible for sporadic infections with zoonotic transmission mainly through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from different animals. Acute HEV infection is relatively asymptomatic or mild clinical form, in rare cases the disease can be moderate/severe clinical forms and result in fulminant hepatitis or acute liver failure (ALF). Furthermore, HEV infection is associated with extrahepatic manifestations, including renal and neurological clinical signs and symptoms. Pregnant women, infants, older people, immunocompromised individuals, patients with comorbidities, and workers who come into close contact with HEV-infected animals are recognized as major risk groups for severe clinical form of HEV infection and fatal outcome. Chronic HEV infection can occur in immunocompromised individuals with the possibility of progression to cirrhosis.

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“…Extra-hepatic manifestations are common, including as neurological, renal, hematological and autoimmune diseases [ 85 ]. HEV infection has been associated with immune-mediated kidney diseases [ 86 ] even in immunocompetent patients [ 87 ], and AKI occurred in 8.6% in a cohort study [ 88 ]. Renal disease in acute HEV infection cases was slightly worse than in HAV infection cases [ 89 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgA nephropathy has also been reported in solid-organ transplant recipients [ 96 ]. A higher risk of allograft rejection has been reported following post-transplant HEV infection [ 86 , 98 ]. Ribavirin has antiviral activity on HEV and has been associated with good outcomes [ 97 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Associated Nephropathies: A Narrative Review

Masset

Turnier

Bressollette-Bodin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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While most viral infections cause mild symptoms and a spontaneous favorable resolution, some can lead to severe or protracted manifestations, specifically in immunocompromised hosts. Kidney injuries related to viral infections may have multiple causes related to the infection severity, drug toxicity or direct or indirect viral-associated nephropathy. We review here the described virus-associated nephropathies in order to guide diagnosis strategies and treatments in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring concomitantly with a viral infection. The occurrence of virus-associated nephropathy depends on multiple factors: the local epidemiology of the virus, its ability to infect renal cells and the patient’s underlying immune response, which varies with the state of immunosuppression. Clear comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with a summary of described direct and indirect injuries should help physicians to diagnose and treat viral associated nephropathies.

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Hepatitis E virus infection and rejection in kidney transplant recipients

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Virus-Associated Nephropathies: A Narrative Review

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