Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Spread and Genetic Diversity in Game Animals in Northern Italy

Arnaboldi, Sara; Righi, Francesco; Carta, Valentina; Bonardi, S.; Pavoni, Enrico; Bianchi, Alessandro; Losio, Marina Nadia; Filipello, Virginia

doi:10.1007/s12560-021-09467-z

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In this study, both the prevalence of roe deer and the viral load in the liver tissue of infected subjects were not lower than those highlighted in previous studies on wild boars in the same area [ 9 , 28 , 52 ]. Furthermore, a recent paper suggests that the presence of deer populations is itself a risk factor for the spread of HEV infection in various wild boar populations [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…According to the authors this was the first report of HEV seropositivity in Italy for both roe deer and ibex [ 27 ]. A further molecular investigation on 218 red deer, 6 roe deer, and 4 chamois from the province of Sondrio, revealed no cervids positive for HEV [ 28 ]. Recently, in a serological survey performed in wild ungulates living in Alpine and pre-Alpine districts of the province of Bergamo seropositive subjects were detected in chamois (5/92; 5.1%) roe deer (1/227; 0.4%) and mouflons ( Ovis musimon ) (1/49; 2%) populations [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No studies are reported in deer populations from Southern Italy. The references and the species included in each study are provided [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 10 February 2022); ( B ) Map of Tuscany with the two sampled areas in this study (Pisa and Grosseto provinces).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Fonti

Pacini

Forzan

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common causative agent of acute hepatitis in the world, with a serious public health burden in both developing and industrialized countries. Cervids, along with wild boars and lagomorphs, are the main wild hosts of HEV in Europe and constitute a documented source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) living in Tuscany, Central Italy. Liver samples from 48 roe deer and 60 fallow deer were collected from carcasses during the hunting seasons. Following the results obtained from molecular and histopathologic studies, 5/48 (10.4%) roe deer and 1/60 (1.7%) fallow deer liver samples were positive for the presence of HEV RNA. All PCR-positive livers were also IHC-positive for viral antigen presence, associated with degenerative and inflammatory lesions with predominantly CD3+ cellular infiltrates. This study represents the first identification in Italy of HEV RNA in roe and fallow deer and the first study in literature describing liver alterations associated with HEV infection in cervids. These results demonstrate that HEV is present in wild cervid populations in Italy and confirm the potential zoonotic role of these species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Fonti

Pacini

Forzan

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Depending on geographical and epidemiological aspects, previous studies have identified the same genotype (HEV3), but different subtypes from wild boar liver samples in specific Italian regions: 3a in Lazio (Di Pasquale et al , 2019 ), 3c in Abruzzo (Aprea et al , 2018 ), 3e and f in Toscana (Caruso et al , 2015 ), 3a in Emilia- Romagna (Parma) and 3f in Lombardia (Sondrio) (Arnaboldi et al , 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus detection in hunted wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) livers in Central Italy

Ferri

Piccinini²,

Olivastri³

et al. 2022

Ital J Food Safety

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen, responsible for numerous cases of infection in humans. Transmission occurs through the orofecal route, and ingestion of contaminated foods represents an important risk factor for final consumer’s health. Wild animal species, in particular wild boar (Sus scrofa), are the main virus reservoirs; liver is the target organ, from which, through the hematic diffusion, HEV reaches different tissues and organs, as muscular one. The hygienic-sanitary critical issues connected with game meat food chain in general, and particularly wild boar, with special regards to any geographical area where this animal species can be directly in contact with humans, domestic ones (i.e., domestic pig), and other wild reservoirs (i.e., wild ruminants), finds favorable environmental conditions, have induced us to conduce the present scientific investigation. During the hunting season 2019/2020, a total of 156 wild boar livers were collected from provided plucks at slaughterhouse in Ascoli Piceno. Nested RT-PCR was used for the viral RNA detection. Results demonstrated a positivity of 5.12% (8/156), and the circulation in the screened area of genotype 3 subtype c, which is frequently identified in Central Italy. HEV sanitary relevance and the emerging role of any food chains in its transmission impose further detailed studies. The molecular screening of hunted wild boars’ livers can provide important information about virus’s circulation in wild animal populations in a specific area.

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“…Initially, these studies utilized virus isolation, consensus PCR and Sanger sequencing approaches 10,[18][19][20][21][22][23] , while in recent years more attention has been directed toward metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) [24][25][26][27] . In addition to SARS-like viruses, these studies have discovered several infectious agents that are of direct importance for human infection, such as Rotavirus A from civets and raccoon dogs 28,29 and Hepatitis E virus in wild boar 30 . Both of these viruses are known to infect humans along with a wide range of mammalian hosts [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total virome characterizations of game animals in China reveals a spectrum of emerging viral pathogens

Hou

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Game animals are wildlife species often traded and consumed as exotic food, and are potential reservoirs for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We performed a meta-transcriptomic analysis of 1725 game animals, representing 16 species and five mammalian orders, sampled across China. From this we identified 71 mammalian viruses, with 45 described for the first time. Eighteen viruses were considered as potentially high risk to humans and domestic animals. Civets (Paguma larvata) carried the highest number of potentially high risk viruses. We identified the transmission of Bat coronavirus HKU8 from a bat to a civet, as well as cross-species jumps of coronaviruses from bats to hedgehogs and from birds to porcupines. We similarly identified avian Influenza A virus H9N2 in civets and Asian badgers, with the latter displaying respiratory symptoms, as well as cases of likely human-to-wildlife virus transmission. These data highlight the importance of game animals as potential drivers of disease emergence.Highlights1725 game animals from five mammalian orders were surveyed for viruses71 mammalian viruses were discovered, 18 with a potential risk to humansCivets harbored the highest number of potential ‘high risk’ virusesA species jump of an alphacoronavirus from bats to a civet was identifiedH9N2 influenza virus was detected in a civet and an Asian badgerHumans viruses were also identified in game animals

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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Spread and Genetic Diversity in Game Animals in Northern Italy

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Hepatitis E virus detection in hunted wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) livers in Central Italy

Total virome characterizations of game animals in China reveals a spectrum of emerging viral pathogens

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