Hepatitis E in Sub Saharan Africa – A significant emerging disease

Bagulo, Husein; Majekodunmi, Ayodele O.; Welburn, Susan C.

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100186

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…These different studies show that HEV infections are endemic in the country and that the prevalence of infections can vary depending on the year, the types of patients studied, and the study sites. Other similar studies have shown that HEV IgM seroprevalence is generally between 0-34% in sub-Saharan Africa [17]. The HEV IgM rates detected in other endemic countries were 2.6% in Burkina Faso [18], 10.4% in the Demographic Republic of Congo [12], 38.4% in Niger [19], 22% in Cameroon [20], 0.34% in Algeria [21], and 4.4% in Sudan [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Virus Markers among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Chad

Yandai

Traoré

Moussa

et al. 2021

Microbiology Research

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Only a minority of the patients with acute febrile jaundice evaluated through the Yellow Fever surveillance program were found positive for antibodies against Yellow Fever Virus (YFV). In order to characterize patients with acute febrile jaundice negative for YFV, we collected 255 sera between January to December 2019. We screened for HBV antigens, and antibodies against HCV and HEV. The seroprevalences observed were 10.6% (27/255) for HBV, 2% (5/255) for HCV, 17.3% (44/255) for HEV IgG, 4.3% (11/255) for HEV IgM, and 12.5% (32/255) for both IgG and IgM HEV. Prevalence of HEV was significantly higher in females than males (p < 0.01). HEV IgG prevalence was highest in those 20–29 years old, but the highest incidence rate (IgM positive) was in children 0–9 years old. Exposure to HEV was higher in the Sahelian zone (55.8%, 95% CI: 40.97–70.66) than in the Sudanese zone (30.2%, 95% CI: 24.01–36.37, p = 0.003). The high prevalence rates and hepatitis virus diversity underline the challenge of routine clinical diagnosis in Chad’s Yellow Fever surveillance program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Virus Markers among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Chad

Yandai

Traoré

Moussa

et al. 2021

Microbiology Research

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“…It is a serious public health disease in many developing countries, especially in regions of high faecal contamination of drinking water supplies and poor sanitation [ 3 ]. As a neglected tropical disease related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), HEV infection has a huge burden on many underprivileged populations in developing countries but has gained insufficient attention in terms of control interventions, research, and treatment options [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E seroprevalence and risk factors in humans and pig in Ghana

et al. 2022

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Background Although Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has significant negative impact on the health and wellbeing of underprivileged populations, the burden of HEV in Ghana is still unclear, despite widespread water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related conditions that predispose people to the risk of infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore rates of HEV seroprevalence and HEV prevalence, as well as risk factors in humans and domestic pigs in Ghana. These were determined using ELISAs manufactured by Wantai Beijing Biopharmaceuticals, China. The study involved 1365 community members, 105 pig farmers and 474 domestic pigs from four administrative regions of Ghana. Results Results showed overall seroprevalence and prevalence of 12.4% and 0.7% in community members and 15.2% and 2.9% in pig farmers respectively. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence between the two groups (Z = 0.851; p = 0.3953). However, the prevalence in pig farmers was significantly higher than in community members (Z = 2.412; p = 0.016). Age (OR = 1.369, CI = 1.243 – 1.508; p = 0.0000), gender (OR = 1.419, CI = 1.101 – 1.991; p = 0.043), and the region of residence (OR = 1.569, CI = 1.348 – 1.827; p = 0.0000) were significant risk factors for HEV seroprevalence in a multivariate regression model. In pigs, overall seroprevalence and prevalence of 62.4% and 5.5% were recorded respectively. A significant difference in seroprevalence was found between confined (6.7%) and free-range pigs (88.3%), (Z = 7.492; p < 0.00001) in the Volta Region. Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant association between seroprevalence and husbandry (OR = 7.051, CI = 3.558– 13.972; p = 0.0000) and region (OR = 4.602, CI = 2.300 – 9.205; p = 0.0000) in pigs in the Volta and Greater Accra Region. Conclusion From this study, HEV is endemic in Ghana with high seroprevalence in humans and pig populations. This underscores the need for awareness creation and action for prevention and control.

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“…On literature review, rare cases of co-infection with Plasmodium and HEV have been reported with an abysmal prognosis. For interest and awareness, we report an unusual case of a co-infection of hepatitis E in a patient who developed cerebral malaria from Plasmodium falciparum infection [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of hepatitis E virus and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A genuine risk in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2021

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Background There is a high prevalence of malaria and viral hepatitis in South Africa. Co-infection with Plasmodium malaria (leading to cerebral malaria) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a rare phenomenon. Case presentation A 33-year-old African American male with no past medical history developed altered mental status on his return from Ivory Coast. His blood tests were significant for renal and liver failure and a high Plasmodium parasite burden of 33% on the blood smear. Interestingly, he also had a positive result for hepatitis E IgM. The patient was effectively treated with aggressive hydration and intravenous (IV) artesunate. Conclusion Our report is the first to our knowledge in the cerebral malaria literature on a patient with hepatitis E co-infection. This exciting case emphasizes the importance of considering all kinds of endemic infectious diseases when evaluating sick returning travelers presenting to the emergency department.

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Hepatitis E in Sub Saharan Africa – A significant emerging disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 138 publications

Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Virus Markers among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Chad

Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Virus Markers among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Chad

Hepatitis E seroprevalence and risk factors in humans and pig in Ghana

Co-infection of hepatitis E virus and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A genuine risk in sub-Saharan Africa

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