Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Healthcare Workers in the United States, 2002-2003

Miller, J.; George, Prethibha; Wasley, Annemarie; Alter, Miriam J.; Bell, Beth P.; Finelli, Lyn

doi:10.1086/518730

Cited by 85 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This rate is similar to the estimate of 75.0% vaccination coverage against hepatitis B among American hospital HWs. 18 The results also approach those observed among hospital workers (73.5%), 6 laboratory professionals (74.5%), 17 dentists (75.0%) 15 and workers who were victims of accidents with biological material (72.8%) in Brazil. 1 However, vaccinal coverage in some subgroups may reach lower frequencies, for example 64.6% among primary care HWs in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 11 and 65.6% of the anesthesiologists in Goiânia, GO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Vacinação contra hepatite B e exposição ocupacional no setor saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Assunção

Araújo

Ribeiro³

et al. 2012

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To identify factors associated with vaccination against hepatitis B among healthcare workers. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study on 1,808 public-sector healthcare workers in Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, in 2009. A self-administered questionnaire was used and the vaccination situation was analyzed taking sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and working conditions and characteristics into consideration. Univariate (p < 0.20) and multiple (p < 0.05) statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression to evaluate factors associated with vaccination. RESULTS:Of the workers, 85.6% declared that they had been vaccinated, although only 74.9% of the vaccinated professionals had received a complete imunization schedule. Not having been vaccinated was associated with not having a partner; having high school, technical or incomplete higher education level; work characteristics such as working in surveillance or the administrative/ general services sector; and not using personal protection equipment. CONCLUSIONS:Groups with lower vaccination coverage were identifi ed. Efforts are required to ensure access and adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers, such as awareness-raising mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Vacinação contra hepatite B e exposição ocupacional no setor saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Assunção

Araújo

Ribeiro³

et al. 2012

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…In United States, according to one study 75% of HCWs at risk had received 3 or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine [15]. In Sweden, 79% of HCWs had received at least one dose of vaccine, but only 40% were reported to be fully vaccinated [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Care Centre in India and Their Vaccination Status

Singhal¹,

Bora²,

Singh³

2011

J Vaccines Vaccin

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IntroductionHepatitis B infection is one of the major public health problems globally and is the tenth leading cause of death. Worldwide, more than two billion of the population have evidence of past or recent HBV infection and there are more than 350 million chronic carriers of this infection [1]. In India, HBsAg prevalence among the general population ranges from 2 to 8%, which places India in an intermediate endemic zone for HBV [1,2].Occupational exposure of HBV is a well recognized risk for health care workers (HCWs). Throughout the world, millions of healthcare professionals work in health institutions and it is estimated that 600,000 to 800,000 cut and puncture injuries occur among them per year, of which approximately 50% are not registered [3]. According to WHO, the proportion of health-care workers in the general population varied substantially by region (0.2%-2.5%), as did the average number of injuries per health-care worker (0.2-4.7 sharps injuries per year). The annual proportion of health-care workers exposed to blood-borne pathogens was 5.9% for HBV, corresponding to about 66,000 HBV infections in health-care workers worldwide [4].In developing regions, 40%-65% of HBV infections in health-care workers occurred due to per-cutaneous occupational exposure. In contrast, the fraction of HBV was less than 10%, in developed regions, largely because of immunization and post-exposure prophylaxis [4]. Risk of HBV infection is primarily related to the degree of contact with blood in the workplace and also to the hepatitis B-e antigen (HBeAg) status of the source person. Studies have shown that of the HCWs who sustained injuries from needles contaminated with blood containing HBV, the risk of developing clinical hepatitis is variable from 1-6% if source is HBeAg negative to 22-31% if source is HBeAg positive [5,6]. Although most of the HBV infections in healthcare workers are attributed to per-cutaneous exposure, in many studies, most infected HCWs could not recall any overt per-cutaneous injury [7]. In addition, HBV has been demonstrated to survive in dried blood, at room temperature, on environmental surfaces, for at least one week. Thus, HBV infections that occur in HCWs with no history of exposure might have resulted from direct or indirect blood or body fluid exposures that inoculated HBV into the mucosal surfaces or cutaneous scratches and other lesions [5,6]. The potential for HBV transmission through contact with environmental surfaces has been demonstrated in investigations of HBV outbreaks among patients and staff of hemo-dialysis units [8,9].Blood contains the highest HBV titres of all body fluids and is the most important vehicle of transmission in the healthcare settings. HBsAg is also found in several other body fluids, including breast milk, bile, cerebrospinal fluid, feces, nasopharyngeal washings, saliva, semen, sweat, and synovial fluid. However, most body fluids are not efficient vehicles of transmission because they contain low quantities of infectious HBV, despite the presence of HBsAg [...

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“…5,6 In addition, influenza vaccination occurs annually, while hepatitis B vaccination is a one-time, three-dose series. And although hepatitis B vaccination rates for HCP are currently estimated to be about 75%, 15 which is higher than the HCP influenza vaccination rate, it is still well below the national goal for HCP hepatitis B vaccination of 98%. 16 Initial reports suggest that use of declination forms for HCP influenza vaccination can be effective in some settings, [17][18][19] but this has not been demonstrated broadly.…”

Section: Patient Care Settingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Worksite policies related to influenza vaccination: A cross-sectional survey of US registered nurses

Clark

Cowan²,

Wortley³

2009

Human Vaccines

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To increase the rate of influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel, national recommendations call for worksites to adopt a multi-pronged strategy to encourage vaccination. The objective of this study was to explore existing worksite influenza vaccination policies and attitudes toward the use of declination forms based on a cross-sectional mail survey of 2,000 registered nurses in four US states. The majority (59%) of respondents reported receiving influenza vaccine during the 2005-06 influenza season. Just over half (55%) of respondents reported that their worksite strongly recommended influenza vaccination for employees. Most worksites made vaccine available to employees via one or more venues (95%) and used one or more strategies to inform employees about influenza vaccination (91%). Worksite policies supportive of HCP influenza vaccination were reported more frequently by vaccinated nurses and those in hospitalbased settings. The majority of respondents supported the use of declination forms for influenza vaccination. Although many healthcare worksites have policies in place to support influenza vaccination among their employees, continued efforts to expand worksite policies and practices are important for increasing vaccination rates and may need to be targeted differently for hospital-and non-hospital-based settings.

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Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Healthcare Workers in the United States, 2002-2003

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

Vacinação contra hepatite B e exposição ocupacional no setor saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Vacinação contra hepatite B e exposição ocupacional no setor saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Care Centre in India and Their Vaccination Status

Worksite policies related to influenza vaccination: A cross-sectional survey of US registered nurses

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