Hepatitis A virus infection and hepatitis A vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review

Lin, Kuan‐Yin; Chen, Guan‐Jhou; Lee, Yu-Lin; Huang, Yi‐Chia; Cheng, Aristine; Sun, Hsin‐Yun; Chang, Sui‐Yuan

doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3589

Cited by 90 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(202 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Prevalences of HAV and HEV infection vary widely among HIV‐positive patients throughout the world, which mainly depends on the local endemicity of HAV and HEV infection . Whereas HAV seroprevalence ranged from 15% to 96% among HIV‐positive patients, HEV seroprevalence was significantly lower with a range between 1% and 45% . According to a seroepidemiological survey of 2,860 HIV‐positive patients around Taiwan during 2012‐2016, baseline HAV seroprevalence was only 21% .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral‐anal sexual contact had been recognized as a risk factor of acquiring HAV infection, but evidence for sexual transmission of HEV was scarce and conflicting . The recent worldwide outbreaks of acute hepatitis A disproportionately affecting MSM raise concerns about sexual transmission of HEV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developing countries, particularly in South Asia and Africa, hepatitis A and E are endemic and considered as foodborne or waterborne diseases . In countries with low HAV endemicity, HAV infection has a predilection for at‐risk populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and illicit drug users . Beginning in 2015‐2016, large outbreaks of acute hepatitis A predominantly affecting MSM reemerged in Asia, Europe, and America, in which oral‐anal sexual contact among at‐risk individuals might have contributed to HAV transmission .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epidemiological and clinical features of HEV infection may vary not only with regions of different endemicities, but also individuals with different immune status . Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients have a longer duration of HAV viremia and fecal shedding and a prolonged course of acute hepatitis A . Nevertheless, the influence of HIV infection on HEV infection is not clear despite a higher seroprevalence of HEV among HIV‐positive patients .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Lin

Sun

et al. 2019

Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) share the similar fecal‐oral transmission route. During an outbreak of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide between 2015 and 2017, we investigated the possibility of sexual transmission and related morbidity of HEV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. From March 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017, anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G was retrospectively determined among 3,293 HIV‐positive patients, who were mainly MSM (87.6%) with a median CD4 count of 575 cells/μL. Prevalence and incidence of HEV infection were 3.7% (123 of 3,293) and 4.35 per 1,000 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU), respectively, which were significantly lower compared with those of HAV infection (31.1% [996 of 3,204] and 12.61 per 1,000 PYFU, respectively). The number of patients with HEV infection did not increase with the hepatitis A epidemic. The factor associated with prevalent HEV infection was older age (per 1‐year increase, adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐1.09), but neither sexual orientation nor acquisition of sexually transmitted infections was related to prevalent or incident HEV infection. Among 23 patients with incident HEV infection, 22 patients had viremia caused by HEV genotype 4. No patients had prolonged HEV viremia or clinical symptoms, and only a mild elevation of serum aminotransferase, ranging from 34 to 77 IU/L, was noted. Although 4 patients had hepatitis for a prolonged duration of between 8 and 17 months, no abdominal imaging revealed liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Conclusion: HEV endemicity remained low among HIV‐positive patients in Taiwan during the outbreak of acute hepatitis A. Our data suggest that sexual transmission of HEV with significant morbidity of HEV infection, if any, is rare in this population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Lin

Sun

et al. 2019

Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), however, seroprotection generated by HAV vaccination has been shown to be less robust. After two doses of HAV vaccination, rates of seroconversion ranged from 48.6% to 94% and the geometric mean concentrations of protective anti‐HAV antibodies are lower in individuals with HIV infection than in those without . Durability of serological response (seroresponse) to HAV vaccination in HIV‐positive patients has also been a concern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Seroreversion After 2 Doses of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients: Incidence and Associated Factors

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Serological responses (Seroresponse) and durability of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination are reduced among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. Incidence of and associated factors with early seroreversion (loss of seroresponse) among HIV‐positive patients who have achieved seroresponses after two doses of HAV vaccination remain unclear. In this multicenter study, we followed HIV‐positive adults who had mounted seroresponses after completing two doses of HAV vaccination during a recent outbreak of acute hepatitis A between 2015 and 2017, a 1:4 case‐control study was conducted to identify factors associated with seroreversion. Case patients were those with seroreversion, and controls were those with similar follow‐up durations who were able to maintain seroresponses. During the study period, 49 of the 1,256 patients (3.9%) seroreverted after a median follow‐up of 611 days. In a case‐control study, seroreversion was more likely to occur in patients with a higher weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.292‐2.323, per 10‐kg increment) and HIV viremia at the time of vaccination (aOR, 2.922; 95% CI, 1.067‐7.924), whereas positive seroresponse at 6 months of HAV vaccination and higher CD4 lymphocyte counts at vaccination were inversely associated with early seroreversion with an aOR of 0.059 (95% CI, 0.020‐0.154) and 0.837 (95% CI, 0.704‐0.979, per 100‐cell/mm3 increment), respectively, in multivariable analyses. Conclusion: During an outbreak setting, early seroreversion following two‐dose HAV vaccination occurred in 3.9% of HIV‐positive patients. Lower and delayed seroresponses to HAV vaccination, a higher weight, and HIV viremia and lower CD4 lymphocyte counts at the time of HAV vaccination were associated with early seroreversion. Regular monitoring of seroresponse and booster vaccination might be warranted, especially in HIV‐positive adults with predictors of early seroreversion.

show abstract

Acute hepatitis A infection‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adult presenting as impending acute liver failure: A case report and literature review

Termsinsuk

Sirisanthiti

2022

Clinical Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Hepatitis A virus infection and hepatitis A vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review

Cited by 90 publications

References 126 publications

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Early Seroreversion After 2 Doses of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients: Incidence and Associated Factors

Acute hepatitis A infection‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adult presenting as impending acute liver failure: A case report and literature review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About