Hepatitis a virus genotypes and strains from an endemic area of Europe, Bulgaria 2012–2014

Bruni, Roberto; Taffon, Stefania; Equestre, Michele; Cella, Eleonora; Presti, Alessandra Lo; Costantino, Angela; Chionne, Paola; Madonna, Elisabetta; Golkocheva-Markova, Еlitsa; Bankova, Diljana; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Teoharov, Pavel; Ciccaglione, Anna Rita

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2596-1

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In some situations, can be present coinfections with two subtypes and severe cholestasis and prolonged severe evolution can happened, like Coppola N et al described [17]. In Bulgaria, during a period of 3 years (2012-2014), almost in the same period with our Romanian South Eastern outbreak, subtype IA was found as dominant (74%) versus subtype IB (26%) [20]. In a study performed by Yilmaz in children from Turkey, the predominant subtype was IB and, in addition, two children were diagnosed with subtype IA and IIIA and the child with HAV subtype IIIA travelled from Turkey to Afghanistan and had a severe evolution [21].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Furthermore, genotype I, II and III, identified in humans, are subdivided each into two groups A and B, which differ in sequence in less than 15% of nucleotide positions [15][16][17][18]. Genotype I is responsible for almost 80% of all acute hepatitis type A, isolated in most countries, genotype IA being more frequently than IB [18][19][20]. Genotype IIIA is more prevalent in central Asia [19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study performed by Yilmaz in children from Turkey, the predominant subtype was IB and, in addition, two children were diagnosed with subtype IA and IIIA and the child with HAV subtype IIIA travelled from Turkey to Afghanistan and had a severe evolution [21]. Although many studies suggest that subtype IA of HAV is predominant in Europe, further studies in order to evidence the exactly subtype of HAV circulating in Romania are required [19,20]. No Romanian national study regarding HAV genotyping was performed, only for HBV [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical Features of an Acute Viral Hepatitis A Outbreak

Cambrea¹,

Arghir²,

Rașcu³

et al. 2018

Rev. Chim.

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In developing countries, outbreaks of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection have a cyclic recurrence and almost 90% of children go through disease by the age of 10. Although the evolution of HAV is rarely severe, it can cause significant economic and social losses. In order to analyze clinical and biochemical characteristics of acute HAV reported diseases in Constanta county, South Eastern Romania, during the last pediatric outbreak, all cases of hospitalized children, less than 13 years old (n=578), mostly boys with residence in urban cities, were included. Cases were divided into 295 isolated cases, mean aged 6.939 years, and 283, mean aged 6.587 years, diagnosed in different foci of the outbreak. Clinical and biochemical features of an acute HAV outbreak in the foci children��s collectivities and families consisted in mild form of disease with frequent hepatomegaly, lack of jaundice and lower levels of aminotransferases and bilirubin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical Features of an Acute Viral Hepatitis A Outbreak

Cambrea¹,

Arghir²,

Rașcu³

et al. 2018

Rev. Chim.

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“…Genotypes and subtypes are often associated with different geographic distribution [21]. In general, genotype I is the most prevalent genotype, with subtype IA being more common than IB [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne viral outbreaks associated with frozen produce

2019

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Over the past decade, frozen fruits have been a major vehicle of foodborne illnesses mainly attributed to norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections. Fresh produce may acquire viral contamination by direct contact with contaminated surface, water or hands, and is then frozen without undergoing proper decontamination. Due to their structural integrity, foodborne viruses are able to withstand hostile conditions such as desiccation and freezing, and endure for a long period of time without losing their infectivity. Additionally, these foods are often consumed raw or undercooked, which increases the risk of infection. Herein, we searched published literature and databases of reported outbreaks as well as the databases of news articles for the viral outbreaks associated with the consumption of frozen produce between January 2008 and December 2018; recorded the worldwide distribution of these outbreaks; and analysed the implication of consumption of different types of contaminated frozen food. In addition, we have briefly discussed the factors that contribute to an increased risk of foodborne viral infection following the consumption of frozen produce. Our results revealed that frozen fruits, especially berries and pomegranate arils, contributed to the majority of the outbreaks, and that most outbreaks were reported in industrialised countries.

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“…Although the incidence of HAV has declined due to the introduction of HAV vaccines in the 1990's [8,9], the number of cases appears to be increasing in the U.S. (estimated number of new HAV infection in 2015 was 2800, according to the CDC: Viral Hepatitis Surveillance United States, 2015), as well as around the world (estimated number of HAV clinical cases was 1.5 million, according to the World Health Organization, 2000). HAV is commonly transmitted person-to-person, or through the consumption of contaminated food or water, and large outbreaks of HAV associated with contaminated food continue to be reported worldwide [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and Intra-Host Nucleotide Variations in Hepatitis A Virus in Culture and Clinical Samples Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing<strong> </strong>

Yang¹,

Mammel²,

Whitehouse³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The accurate virus detection, strain discrimination, and source attribution of contaminated food items remains a persistent challenge because of the high mutation rates anticipated to occur in foodborne RNA viruses, such as Hepatitis A virus (HAV). This has led to predictions of the existence of more than one sequence variant between the hosts (inter-host) or within an individual host (intra-host). However, there have been no reports of intra-host variants from an infected single individual, and little is known about the accuracy of the single nucleotide variations (SNVs) calling with various methods. In this study, the presence and identity of viral SNVs, either between HAV clinical specimens or among a series of samples derived from HAV clone1-infected FRhK4 cells, were determined following analyses of nucleotide sequences generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and pyrosequencing methods. The results demonstrate the co-existence of inter- and intra-host variants both in the clinical specimens and the cultured samples. The discovery and confirmation of multi-viral RNAs in an infected individual is dependent on the strain discrimination at the SNV level, and critical for successful outbreak traceback and source attribution investigations. The detection of SNVs in a time series of HAV infected FRhK4 cells improved our understanding on the mutation dynamics determined probably by different selective pressures. Additionally, it demonstrated that NGS could potentially provide a valuable investigative approach toward SNV detection and identification for other RNA viruses.

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Hepatitis a virus genotypes and strains from an endemic area of Europe, Bulgaria 2012–2014

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Biochemical Features of an Acute Viral Hepatitis A Outbreak

Biochemical Features of an Acute Viral Hepatitis A Outbreak

Foodborne viral outbreaks associated with frozen produce

Inter- and Intra-Host Nucleotide Variations in Hepatitis A Virus in Culture and Clinical Samples Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing<strong> </strong>

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