Hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in two species of benthic fish showing different prevalences of contaminant-associated liver neoplasms

Collier, Tracy K.; Singh, S.V.; Awasthi, Yogesh C.; Varanasi, Usha

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90131-b

Cited by 98 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The age of earliest occurrence (5 years) and mean age in flounder and croaker affected with FCA (-10 years) were also far higher than in previous studies in English sole (0+, 5 years, respectively) (21), again suggesting a longer latency or a relative resistance in these species to the development of precursor lesions in hepatic neoplasia. This possibility is strongly supported in flounder by the fact that no neoplasms and low FCA prevalences were detected in this study, consistent with findings in Puget Sound field studies (33,34,73), as well as the constitutively lower activation and increased detoxication of PAHs demonstrated in flounder relative to English sole (74). In contrast to a previous study (21), the present results indicated age was not a risk factor for either FCA or nonneoplastic proliferative lesions in sole.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of Sediments and Fish Tissuescontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Not all lesions were detected or consistently associated with exposure to particular contaminants in the species examined, suggesting that not all teleosts respond similarly to exposure to the same classes of toxicants (74), and not all lesions identified in this and similar studies can be reliably used as histopathologic biomarkers of contaminant exposure in all species. In English sole, neoplasms, foci of cellular alteration, nonneoplastic proliferative lesions, and specific degeneration/necrosis were meaningfully associated with exposure to PAHs and hepatic bioaccumulation of XPCBs and XDDTs; nonspecific necrotic lesions were only associated with hepatic bioaccumulation of XDDTs.…”

Section: Relationships Between Chemical Contaminants and Hepatic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Myers

Stehr

Olson

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

145

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Relationships between hepatic lesions and chemical contaminant concentrations in sediments, stomach contents, liver tissue, and bile were statistically evaluated in three species of bottomfish, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), captured from 27 urban and nonurban sites on the Pacific Coast from Alaska to southern California. Lesions detected were neoplasms, preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, nonneoplastic proliferative lesions, unique or specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, nonspecific degenerative/necrotic lesions, and hydropic vacuolation of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In general, lesion prevalences were significantly higher in all three species captured at chemically contaminated urban sites, and certain lesions had significantly higher relative risks of occurrence at urban sites in Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, the vicinity of Los Angeles, and San Diego Bay. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and its derivatives, and chlordanes and dieldrin in sediment, stomach contents, liver, and fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile were significant risk factors for the occurrence of neoplastic, preneoplastic, nonneoplastic proliferative, and specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, as well as hydropic vacuolation. Fish age also had a significant influence on occurrence of several hepatic lesions, but gender was rarely a significant risk factor. These relationships provide strong evidence for the involvement of environmental contaminants in the etiology of hepatic lesions in several marine bottomfish species and clearly indicate the utility of these lesions as biomarkers of contaminant-induced effects in wild fish. Images Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 3. Figure 4. A Figure 4. B

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Section: Chemical Characterization Of Sediments and Fish Tissuescontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Relationships Between Chemical Contaminants and Hepatic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Myers

Stehr

Olson

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

145

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“…For example, there is a high incidence of liver neoplasms among English sole, Parophrys vetulus, that reside in contaminated waterways in Puget Sound (43)(44)(45), whereas the incidence of liver tumors in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, from these same waters is comparatively low. The starry flounder is in the same family (Pleuronectidae) as the English sole, and the disparity in liver lesion incidences has been attributed to species-specific differences in hepatic xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes (46). Differences in detoxification mechanisms that could contribute to low tumor prevalence have also been found among some chondrichthyans (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

et al. 2004

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The promotion of crude shark cartilage extracts as a cure for cancer has contributed to at least two significant negative outcomes: a dramatic decline in shark populations and a diversion of patients from effective cancer treatments. An alleged lack of cancer in sharks constitutes a key justification for its use. Herein, both malignant and benign neoplasms of sharks and their relatives are described, including previously unreported cases from the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, and two sharks with two cancers each. Additional justifications for using shark cartilage are illogical extensions of the finding of antiangiogenic and anti-invasive substances in cartilage. Scientific evidence to date supports neither the efficacy of crude cartilage extracts nor the ability of effective components to reach and eradicate cancer cells. The fact that people think shark cartilage consumption can cure cancer illustrates the serious potential impacts of pseudoscience. Although components of shark cartilage may work as a cancer retardant, crude extracts are ineffective. Efficiencies of technology (e.g., fish harvesting), the power of mass media to reach the lay public, and the susceptibility of the public to pseudoscience amplifies the negative impacts of shark cartilage use. To facilitate the use of reason as the basis of public and private decision-making, the evidence-based mechanisms of evaluation used daily by the scientific community should be added to the training of media and governmental professionals. Increased use of logical, collaborative discussion will be necessary to ensure a sustainable future for man and the biosphere.

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“…Consequently, the occurrence of hepatic neoplasms in lake whitefish, as opposed to their absence in the other fish species that we examined from the same area, may reflect the exposure of lake whitefish to different chemical compounds. It may also reflect differences in the ability to generate carcinogenic metabolites from xenobiotic compounds such as PAHs (44). Further studies assessing the relationship of contaminant levels in lake whitefish tissues to their diet are required to support the hypothetical link between contaminants and neoplasia in this species and to document the spatial movement and distribution of lake whitefish in the St. Lawrence River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoplastic and nonneoplastic hepatic changes in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada.

Mikaelian

Lafontaine

Menard

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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As part of a survey of fish diseass, lake whitefish (Coregons clupeaformis) were coliected in fail 1995 from the St. Lawrence River 15 km upstream of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, to assess the prevalence of liver lesions. A total of 141 fish were captured and necropsied, and three standard s ons of liver were taken for histological exmination. Prvlences of altered hepatocyte foci, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangioma, and cholangiocarcinoma were 0.7%, 2.1%, 0.7%, and 2.1%, respectively. Thus, the overall prevalence of liver neoplasia was 4.9% (71141). Hepatic tumors were only observed in fish 7 years old or older. Fish age was siganificantdy and positively correlated with the index assessing the number and size of macrophage aregtes (pcO.001; r = 0.16). Hepatocyte vacuolatin anisokaryosis, lymphocytic infilon, and bile duct hyperplasia were also observed but were not related to the age, length, sex, or condition factor of the fish. These results represent the first report on a series of hepatic tumors in a wild salmonid species.

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Hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in two species of benthic fish showing different prevalences of contaminant-associated liver neoplasms

Cited by 98 publications

References 19 publications

Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

Neoplastic and nonneoplastic hepatic changes in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada.

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