Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome associated with consumption of Gynura segetum

Lin, Ge; Wang, Ji Yao; Li, Na; Li, Mi; Gao, Hong; Ji, Yuan; Zhang, Fan; Wang, Huali; Zhou, Yan; Yang, Yong; Hong, Xu; Zheng, Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.031

Cited by 231 publications

(333 citation statements)

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“…Measurement of pyrrolic species covalently bound to hepatic and serum proteins as a potential biomarker for PA metabolic activation associated with hepatotoxicity in experimental animals and humans has been reported (Lin et al, 2011). This potential methodology is relatively non-specific in nature, involving chemical release of the pyrrole moiety from adducted proteins in solution, derivatisation with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and either colorimetric or LC-MS/MS detection.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

2011

EFS2

222

130

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. To date, approximately 600 different PAs are known. Results for 13,280 bulk honey and 1324 retail honey samples were provided to EFSA by one Member State and 351 feed samples were provided by a second Member State. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) performed estimates of both acute and chronic exposure to PAs through honey for three different age groups. Although there might be other sources of PA exposure, due to lack of data the CONTAM Panel was not able to quantify dietary exposure from food other than honey. A number of PAs were identified as being of particular importance for food and feed. Based on the present knowledge of metabolism, activation, DNA adduct-formation, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that 1,2-unsaturated PAs may act as genotoxic carcinogens in humans. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel decided to apply the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach. A benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10 % excess cancer risk (BMDL 10 ) of 70 µg/kg b.w. per day for induction of liver haemangiosarcomas by lasiocarpine in male rats was calculated as the reference point for comparison with the estimated dietary exposure. The CONTAM Panel concluded that there is a possible health concern for those toddlers and children who are high consumers of honey. There is generally a low risk of PA poisoning in livestock and companion animals in the EU as most PA poisonings reported recently are due to accidental exposure. © European Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feedEFSA Journal 2011;9(11):2406 2 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. They are typical plant secondary metabolites against herbivores. It has been estimated that approximately 6000 plant species world wide, representing 3 % of all flowering plants, may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PAs are mainly found in the distantly related angiosperm families of the Boraginaceae (all genera), Asteraceae (tribes Senecioneae and Eupatorieae) and Fabaceae (genus Crotalaria). The PA-content of plant material depends on a large number of factors (species, plant organ, harvest, storage, extraction procedures). Reported contents vary from trace amounts up to 19 % based on dry weight. The name pyrrolizidine is the chemical description of two-fused 5-membered rings with a nitrogen atom at the bridgehead. This motif is the central structure of a variety of PAs. PAs generally consist of an amino alcohol which is referred to as necine or necine base and an acid part which is called a necic acid. Most of the known PAs are este...

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Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

2011

EFS2

222

130

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“…Gynura segetum (Compositae), which is the leaf of Sedum aizoon L., is a traditional Chinese herbal Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) ISSN 1673-1581 (Print); ISSN 1862-1783 (Online) www.zju.edu.cn/jzus; www.springerlink.com E-mail: jzus@zju.edu.cn remedy extensively used to treat hemorrhage, trauma, neurosis, and hypertension (Chen et al, 2007). Patients who use Gynura segetum have been diagnosed with HSOS by physicians and pathologists in China (Lin et al, 2011). Scientists consider the PAs in Gynura segetum to be the cause of HSOS, though the pathogenesis is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of MMP-9 in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by Gynura segetum

Bai

et al. 2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Background and objective: Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is characterized by painful hepatomegaly, ascites, increased body weight, and jaundice. Gynura segetum (Compositae), a plant widely used in Chinese traditional medicine, often leads to the development of HSOS. However, the mechanism is unclear. The aim was to study the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the onset of HSOS induced by Gynura segetum. Methods: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Twenty were exposed to 600 mg/kg daily Gynura segetum extract solution for three weeks; five control rats were exposed to tap water alone. Liver sections were evaluated by light microscopy with a modified scoring system. Routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods were used to evaluate the ultrastructual features of fixed liver tissue, and blood samples were collected to determine liver enzyme concentrations. MMP-9 expression was assessed by both immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Results: A stable and reproducible rat model of HSOS was achieved by long-term exposure to Gynura segetum extract. The treated rats presented clinical symptoms and the histopathological manifestation of HSOS, including abnormal liver enzyme concentrations (alanine aminotransferase (ALT): (84.8±13.62) vs. (167.0±72.63) U/L, P<0.05; aspartate aminotransferase (AST): (27.6±6.31) vs. (232.8±108.58) U/L, P<0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TEM together revealed deposition of red blood cells, the damage and destruction of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, collapse of hepatic sinusoids, hemorrhage of subendothelial cells, atrophy and destruction of hepatocytes, etc. Compared with controls, the expression of MMP-9 in the blood sample, the lung and liver tissues of HSOS rats was increased. Conclusions: MMP-9 may have an important role in early pathological changes of HSOS, and thus the onset of the disease.

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“…Most herbs are used as a whole or a certain type of pharmaceutical (such as anti-TB drugs) and are even compared to certain pharmaceuticals (such as acetaminophen), in terms of efficacy and safety. However, other ingredients of the herbs are not taken into account, leading to higher proportions of onesided conclusions [34].…”

Section: Proportion Of Hili In Terms Of Dili Varies In Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of Liver and Renal Function Changes in Stroke Patients Taking Long-term Herbal Medicine

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Go³

et al. 2017

J Int Korean Med

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In general, herbal medicines have been considered as safe by the general public, since they are naturally occurring and have been applied in treatment for over thousands of years. As the use of herbal medicine is rapidly increasing globally, the potential toxicity of herbal drugs, in particular drug-induced liver injury (DILI), has now become a serious medical issue. According to the literature, the authors analyzed and discussed the hepatotoxicity problem of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), including global overview on herbal-induced liver injury (HILI), current research progress on toxic CHM, diagnosis and treatment of HILI, and modern approaches and technologies of study of hepatotoxicity. As to promote the recognition of HILI and tackle the issue, a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of HILI has recently been drafted by Chinese scientists. As suggested by the guideline, the hepatotoxicity issue of CHM, as a matter of fact, is overestimated. Up to date, the investigation of hepatotoxicity of CHM is now booming with worldwide application of CHM. This review therefore provides useful information for investigating hepatotoxicity of herbal medicine and characterizing DILI caused by CHM. In addition, authors describe in which way further efforts should be made to study the rationale of CHM and liver injury.

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Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome associated with consumption of Gynura segetum

Cited by 231 publications

References 25 publications

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

Expression of MMP-9 in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by Gynura segetum

A Case Report of Liver and Renal Function Changes in Stroke Patients Taking Long-term Herbal Medicine

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