Hepatic lobe torsion in 3 dromedary camels

Ibrahim, Abdelazim; El‐Ghareeb, Waleed Rizk; Aljazzar, Ahmed; Al-Hizab, F. A.; Porter, Brian F.

doi:10.1177/1040638720971813

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The present study has extensively validated the existence of the right and left triangular, falciform, and hepatorenal ligaments, as well as the lesser omentum, as supported by previous research conducted on camels [27], [29], [38], [39]. However, the round ligaments were not specifically mentioned in these studies.…”

Section: -Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Anatomical, Radiological, and Corrosion Casting of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Duct System of Local Breed Cattle (Bos ttaurus)

AL-Mahmodi

2024

wjps

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Local breed cattle's liver, reddish-brown, occupies the right hypochondriac region with 35.2 ± 3.24 cm long and 5.5 ± 0.5 kg weight. Connected by left and right triangular ligaments; and falciform ligaments with the diaphragm, and hepatorenal ligament with the right kidney. While the coronary ligament encompassing the caudal vena cava divides into dorsal and ventral branches, enclosing the nuda region. The round ligament connects the umbilical fissure to the umbilicus. The lesser omentum on the liver's visceral surface connects the stomach and duodenum through hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments, respectively. The liver has, parietal and visceral surfaces; right, left, ventral, and dorsal borders; and left, right, caudate, and quadrate liver lobes that are not clearly separated, except for the caudate. The gallbladder has a dark green color and pear-shaped morphology, measures 16 ± 1.5 cm, and is located in a shallow cystic fossa. Consisting of the neck, forms an inverted funnel shape, body, and fundus. The diameters were 2 ± 0.3, 6 ± 1.2, and 4 ± 1.3 cm, respectively. The biliary tract consists of extrahepatic and intrahepatic ducts. The extrahepatic ducts have a left duct of 3 ± 0.5 cm and a right duct of 2 ± 0.25 cm. Converging to form a common hepatic duct 8 ± 0.5 cm. The cystic duct is 3± 0. cm, joins with the common hepatic duct ventrally. The intrahepatic ducts consisted of primary, secondary, tertiary, interlobular, intralobular, and intercalated ducts. The left hepatic duct received 9 ± 1 of dorsal primary ducts and 8 ± 2 ventral primary ducts. The right hepatic duct receives 4 ± 1 dorsal ducts and 2 ± 1 ventral ducts.

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Section: -Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In several breeds, the liver exhibits a rightward deviation along the median line, perhaps attributed to the anatomical configuration of the stomach and intestines in ruminants, resulting in a pronounced rightward displacement of the liver [26], [27], [28], [29].…”

Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical, Radiological, and Corrosion Casting of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Duct System of Local Breed Cattle (Bos ttaurus)

AL-Mahmodi

2024

wjps

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“…Liver lobe torsion (LLT) has been described in dogs, 1 cats, 2,3 horses, 4 pigs, 5 ferrets, 6 camels, 7 Asian small‐clawed otters 8 and humans 9,10,11 . LLT in pet rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculi ) is considered to occur more commonly than previously thought 12–14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits: 40 cases (2016–2021)

Sheen¹,

Vella²,

Hung³

2022

Veterinary Record

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Background: Liver lobe torsion (LLT) in rabbits can be under-recognised and potentially fatal. The clinical features of cases presented to an exotic animal veterinary service in Australia were retrospectively reviewed. Method: Medical records of confirmed rabbit LLT cases between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs and findings, diagnostic imaging results, management strategies and outcomes. Variables of interest were analysed for statistical association with outcome. Results: A total of 40 rabbits were included. The mean presenting age was 56.2 months (SD 30.5). Neutered males (23/40, 57.5%) were over-represented. Common clinical signs and findings included reduced appetite (40/40, 100%), lethargy (32/40, 80.0%), reduced faecal production (16/40, 40.0%), a doughy distended stomach (20/40, 50.0%), pale mucous membranes (19/40, 47.5%) and hypothermia (17/40, 42.5%). Anaemia and elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen were common clinicopathologic findings. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 34 of 40 rabbits, confirming the presence and position of LLT (34/34, 100%), stenosis of the caudal vena cava or portal system (28/34, 82.4%) and increased free peritoneal fluid (29/34, 85.3%). Fifteen (15/40, 37.5%) rabbits were medically managed, and surgical intervention was performed in 23 of 40 (57.5%) rabbits. Overall, 30 of 40 (75.0%) rabbits survived. Surgical intervention did not confer a significant difference in outcome compared to medical management (odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.15-4.10, p = 0.761). Conclusion:CT can be an invaluable diagnostic modality for rabbit LLT. Favourable outcomes can be achieved in selected cases with medical management alone.

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“…Liver lobe torsion (LLT) is a rare condition that has been reported in multiple species including humans, dogs, horses, pigs, otters, guinea pigs, lemurs, camels, and rabbits. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Torsion of the left lateral liver lobe is most commonly reported in dogs; the caudate lobe is most commonly affected in rabbits. 2 This is thought to be most likely due to its narrow dorsal attachment to the hilus of the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracostal versus ventral midline approach for caudate liver lobectomy in the rabbit

et al. 2022

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Objective To describe the paracostal approach to caudate liver lobectomy in rabbits and compare the outcome of paracostal versus ventral midline approach for caudate liver lobectomy in rabbits with caudate liver lobe torsion (LLT). Study design Cadaveric and retrospective study. Animals Normal rabbit cadavers (n = 5) and rabbits with caudate LLT (n = 22). Methods Cadavers – a right paracostal or ventral midline approach was made. Accessibility of the caudate liver lobe and relationship to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were assessed. Clinical LLT cases – 9 cases were treated via the paracostal approach and 13 were treated via the ventral midline approach. Medical records (January, 2018 to October, 2021) were reviewed. Anesthesia and surgical times, mortality rate, and relevant clinical data were compared between groups. Results In cadavers, caudate liver lobectomy was feasible through a paracostal approach without retraction of the GI tract. In clinical cases, there was no difference in anesthesia time (P = 0.1397) or surgical time (P = 0.9462) between groups. All rabbits that underwent paracostal approach survived to discharge. Mortality was lower (P = .053) and postoperative time until eating was shorter (P = .0238) for patients undergoing paracostal approach. Conclusion Rabbits experienced lower mortality and shorter time until eating when treated through a right paracostal approach compared to the ventral midline approach. The paracostal approach resulted in minimal to no manipulation of the GI tract. Clinical significance A right paracostal approach for caudate liver lobectomy in rabbits provides good exposure while avoiding GI tract manipulation. This approach may result in improved survival and earlier eating in rabbits with caudate LLT.

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Hepatic lobe torsion in 3 dromedary camels

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Anatomical, Radiological, and Corrosion Casting of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Duct System of Local Breed Cattle (Bos ttaurus)

Anatomical, Radiological, and Corrosion Casting of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Duct System of Local Breed Cattle (Bos ttaurus)

Retrospective analysis of liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits: 40 cases (2016–2021)

Paracostal versus ventral midline approach for caudate liver lobectomy in the rabbit

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